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Caton 
Scientific  Shorthand 


I  Scientific  Shorthand  constructs   the    consonant    out-  1 

[  lines  so  they  show  the  exact  location  of  each  unrepre-  1 

|  sented  vowel  sound,  and  gives  exact  expression   to  i 

each  initial  long  vowel  and  diphthong  sound.  i 


SPECIALLY  ADAPTED  TO  PROFESSIONAL 

REPORTING 


PUBLISHED  BY 

THE  SCIENTIFIC  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN. 


Copyright,    1915 

By 

THOMAS  J.   CATON 


Copyright.    1917 

By 

THOMAS  J.   CATON 
All  rights  reserved 


Copyright,   1918 

By 

SCIENTIFIC   PUBLISHING  COMPANY 
All   rights  reserved 


SCIENTIFIC  SHORTHAND 

This  work  is  presented  as  the  complete  and  final  solution  of  the  short- 
hand problem.  It  places  shorthand  writing  upon  a  strictly  scientific 
basis.  It  is  the  only  system  which  can  be  considered  a  Scientific  sys- 
tem. This  fact  will  not  be  disputed  by  any  expert  shorthand  writer  or 
teacher;  and  it  is  conceded  by  all  such  experts  who  have  examined  the 
work.  Not  a  single  word  of  criticism  has  been  passed  upon  either  the 
plan  of  the  work  or  the  pedagogical  manner  in  which  it  is  presented. 

THE  ONE  UNVARYING  RULE  FOR  WRITING  WORDS. 

Scientific  Shorthand  expresses  all  consonant  sounds,  all  initial  long 
vowel  and  diphthong  sounds,  and  locates  all  other  vowel  sounds.  This 
method  of  writing  words  is  the  only  possible  scientific  manner  in  which 
they  can  be  written.  It  reduces  the  writing  of  all  classes  of  words  to 
one  simple,  unvarying  method  or  plan,  instead  of  requiring  the  writers 
to  memorize  the  illogical,  unscientific  and  arbitrary  methods  required  by 
all  other  systems. 

Exact  initial  long  vowel  and  consonant  expression,  and  exact  vowel 
location  affords  the  utmost  possible  legibility  with  the  brevity  and  facile- 
ness  of  stenographic  outlines  necessary  to  meet  speed  requirements  in 
rapid  verbatim  reporting. 

UTMOST  POSSIBLE  LEGIBILITY. 

It  is  now  a  well  known  fact  that  the  great  majority  of  words  are 
readably  legible  from  the  writing  or  printing  of  the  initial  long  vowel  and 
diphthong  sounds,  and  all  the  consonant  sounds,  provided  hyphens  are 
inserted  to  show  the  exact  locations  of  the  other  vowel  sounds.  There  is 
no  other  way  in  which  words  can  be  written  or  printed  in  an  equally  con- 
tracted form  which  gives  the  same  legibility. 

To  illustrate:  It  is  impossible  to  select  any  other  four  letters  from 
the  word  Winnipeg  which  will  give  the  same  legibility  as  is  obtained  from 
complete  consonant  expression  and  vowel  location ;  thus,  JV-n-p-g. 
Likewise,  it  is  impossible  to  select  any  other  four  elementary  sounds  from 
the  word  Omaha  which  will  give  equal  legibility  with  that  obtained  from 
an  expression  of  the  initial  long  vowel  sound  and  the  two  consonant 
rounds,  hyphenated  to  show  the  exact  locations  of  the  other  vowel 
rounds;  thus,  Om-h-. 

This  rule  applies  to  all  classes  of  words,  absolutely  without  a  single 
exception.  Therefore,  the  conclusion  is  that  complete  consonant  and 
initial  long  vowel  and  diphthong  expression  and  exact  vowel  location 
a  fords  the  utmost  possible  legibility  with  required  brevity.  It  is  the 
only  method  of  contracting  words  which  can  be  reduced  to  a  single  rule 
or  system  governing  their  necessary  contraction. 


448624 


With  contextural  aid,  experience  has  shown  that  there  is  very  seldom 
either  the  necessity  or  desirability  of  exact  vowelization — vowel  loca- 
tion being  all  sufficient  to  afford  the  needed  legibility. 


BASIC  PRINCIPLES  UNDERLYING  THE  PERFECT  SYSTEM. 

The  world's  expert  shorthand  writers,  authors  and  teachers,  are 
agreed  that  certain  fundamental  principles  must  underlie  the  perfect 
svstem  of  shorthand  writing. 

The  following  seven  principles  are  thus  agreed  upon.  A  thorough 
and  critical  examination  of  Scientific  Shorthand  will  show  that  it  has  not 
violated  either  the  letter  or  the  spirit  of  these  seven  requisite  basic  prin- 
ciples, namely: 

i.  The  perfect  system  must  be  a  disconnected  vowel  system,  so  that 
each  word  will  have  the  same  basic  outline,  whether  vowelized  in  full, 
in  part,  or  not  at  all. 

2.  It  must  employ  both  light  and  shaded  strokes  in  its  alphabet, 
ihereby  pairing  the  cognate  sounds,  and  making  use  of  all  high-grade 
stenographic  material. 

3.  It  must  employ  a  uniform  length  of  stroke  in  its  alphabet,  that 
the  rules  governing  the  modification  of  strokes  may  be  of  general  appli- 
cation. 

4.  It  must  make  use  of  positions,  because  it  is  easier  to  write  a  word 
in  position  than  to  use  extra  strokes  and  characters  to  attain  the  ends 
for  which  position  may  be  utilized. 

5.  It  must  be  a  phonetic  system  to  maintain  the  purity  of  pronun- 
ciation. 

6.  It  must  give  exact  expression  to  medial  and  final  vowel  sounds 
by  disjoined  characters,  to  maintain  a  uniform  basic  outline. 

7.  It  must  overcome,  as  far  as  possible,  the  one  universally  recog- 
nized defect  of  all  systems — illegibility,  by  complete  consonant  expres- 
sion and  exact  vowel  location. 

We  submit  Scientific  Shorthand  in  full  and  perfect  confidence  that  it 
is  the  final  solution  to  the  shorthand  problem — final  because  perfect. 


SCIENTIFIC  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET 

1.  The  letters  of  the  Scientific  Shorthand  Alphabet  are  light  and 
shaded  straight  and  curved  strokes. 

2.  From  the  two  strokes,  each  half  light  line  and  half  shaded  line, 
that  bisect  each  other  in  the  form  of  the  letter  X,  we  obtain  two  light  line 
strokes,  and  two  shaded  line  strokes.     Such  strokes  represent  the  letters 

**•-*,    .  ■   •  -,     >  /' 

\         \  /  A  '  '■ 

3.  Above  letters  are  written  downward  always ;  a  vowel  sound  does 
not  follow  them  when  they  are  used  finally,  as  in  rope,  rub,  peach,  rage. 

4.  The  Ch  stroke,  written  above  the  ruled  line,  expresses  H ;  and  the 
J  stroke  so  written  expresses  Wh.  A  vowel  sound  always  follows  strokes 
H  and  Wh. 

5.  From  the  two  strokes,  each  half  light  line  and  half  shaded  line, 
that  bisect  each  other  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  we  obtain  two  light  line 
strokes,  and  two  shaded  line  strokes.  Such  strokes  represent  the  letters 
T,  D,  K  and  G. 

T  D  K  G  ny 

_J l , , J" 


>r 


6.  T  and  D  must  be  written  downward.  K  and  G  must  be  written 
from  left  to  right.  A  vowel  sound  always  follows  T  or  D  strokes  where 
they  are  joined  to  other  strokes  medially  or  finally,  as  in  pity,  ready, 
betake,  redeem.  A  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  K  or  G  where  they  are 
used  finally,  as  in  back,  dug. 

7.  The  K  stroke  expresses  the  sound  of  K,  as  in  key,  book;  of  C  in 
cat,  call,  acme;  of  Ch  in  chorus. 

8.  The  G  stroke  expresses  the  sound  of  G,  as  in  go,  beg;  but  the  J 
stroke  expresses  the  sound  of  G  as  in  page  or  general. 

9.  A  straight  stroke,  written  upward  from  left  to  right,  expresses 
the  sound  of  R,  as  heard  in  ray,  rope,  bury.  This  R  stroke  is  named  Ray, 
because  a  vowel  sound  follows  it. 

10.  The  eleven  strokes  above  given  (P,  B,  Ch,  J,  H,  Wh,  T, 
D,  K,  G,  Ray)  are  all  the  straight  stroke  letters  used  in  Scientific  Short- 
hand. 


CONSONANTS  ARE  WRITTEN      VOWELS  ARE  LOCATED 

i.  The  vowels  are  A,  E,  I,  O,  U.  W  and  Y  are  vowels  where  thev 
are  not  followed  by  a  vowel  sound,  as  in  now,  ruby.  The  characters 
which  represent  the  vowel  sounds  will  be  given  further  on  in  this  work. 

2.  It  is  seldom  necessary  to  write  any  of  the  short  vowel  sounds; 
and  the  great  majority  of  medial  long  vowel  sounds  need  not  be  written, 
provided  the  consonant  letters  are  written  so  they  show  exactly  where 
the  unwritten  vowel  sounds  occur.  Thus,  the  student  can  see  how  unneces- 
sary it  is  to  write  the  vowels  in  the  words  W-n-p-g  (Winnipeg),  M-n-s-t- 
(Minnesota),  M-n—p-l-s  (Minneapolis),  p-r-ty  (purity),  etc.  There  is 
even  less  need  of  exact  vowel  writing  where  there  is  contextural  aid ; 
thus: 

W-th  k-nd  r-g-rds,  I  b-g  t-  r-m-n, 

Y-rs  v-ry  tr-ly. 

BASIC  FEATURE  OF  SCIENTIFIC  SHORTHAND 

3.  The  method  by  which  all  vowel  sounds  are  exactly  located 
(thereby  rendering  their  writing  unnecessary  in  nearly  all  words)  is 
the  great  and  distinctive  feature  of  Scientific  Shorthand.  The  student, 
therefore,  must  give  careful  and  thoughtful  attention  to  every  rule  gov- 
erning vowel  location. 

4.  Strokes  H  and  Wh,  used  initially,  must  be  written  above  the  ruled 
or  base  line  of  writing  to  differentiate  them  from  strokes  Ch  and  J. 

POSITIONS  DEFINED 

5.  First  Position:  Where  the  initial  stroke  is  written  above  the 
ruled  or  base  line  of  writing,  such  stroke,  or  the  entire  outline  of  which 
it  may  form  a  part,  is  in  First  Position. 

Initial  H  and  Wh  strokes  must  be  written  in  First  Position. 

6.  Second  Position:  Where  the  initial  stroke  is  written  on  the 
ruled  or  base  line  of  writing,  such  stroke,  or  the  entire  outline  of  which 
it  forms  a  part,  is  in  Second  Position. 

POSITION  LOCATES  INITIAL  VOWEL  SOUND 

7.  Any  stroke  of  the  Scientific  Shorthand  Alphabet  (except  H  and 
Wh)  is  written  in  Second  Position  to  show  that  its  sound  begins  the 
word,  and  that  a  vowel  sound  immediately  follows  it.  Therefore,  the 
P  stroke,  written  in  Second  Position,  is  the  consonant  outline  for  the 
words  pay,  pea,  pie,  Poe,  pew;  the  B  stroke  so  written  is  the  consonant 
outline  for  the  words  and  syllables  bay,  bee,  buy,  beau,  beu.  The  H 
stroke  in  First  Position  is  the  consonant  outline  for  the  words  hay,  he, 
high,  hoe,  hue. 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

8.  The  student  may  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for  the  follow- 
ing words  and  syllables: 

Pay,  pea,  pie,  Poe,  pew  (P  stroke,  Second  Position)  ;  bay,  bee,  by, 
beau,  beu;  tay,  tea,  tie,  toe,  teu;  day,  dee,  die,  dough,  dew;  cha,  chee, 
chy,  cho,  chew;  jay,  jee,  jie,  Joe,  jew;  kay,  key,  kie,  Coe,  coo;  gay,  gee, 
guy,  go,  geu;  ray,  ree,  rye,  roe,  rue;  hay,  he,  high,  hoe,  hue;  whey, 
whee,  why,  whoa,  whew. 

9.  The  student  should  write  and  rewrite  the  alphabetic  strokes  until 
neatness  and  accuracy  as  to  their  length,  slant,  direction  and  position  is 
attained.  Such  mastery  of  alphabetic  construction  is  absolutely  essen- 
tial to  success.  The  alphabetic  strokes  should  be  as  near  as  possible  the 
size  of  the  engraved  outlines — about  one-sixth  inch  in  length. 

JOINING  CONSONANT  STROKES 

1.  Scientific  Shorthand  requires  the  exact  expression  of  the  con- 
sonant sounds  and  the  exact  expression  or  location  of  all  the  vowel 
sounds.  Therefore,  in  words  containing  two  or  more  consonant  sounds, 
the  strokes  that  represent  such  sounds  must  be  joined  in  the  order  in 
which  they  are  heard ;  except,  however,  the  medial  or  final  sound  of  H  or 
Wh  must  be  expressed  by  writing  the  H  or  Wh  stroke  through  the  con- 
sonant stroke  which  precedes  it,  thereby  differentiating  it  from  the 
joined  medial  and  final  Ch  or  J  stroke.  Thus,  in  the  words  behold,  key- 
hole, tallyho,  the  H  stroke  would  be  written  through  the  strokes  B,  K 
and  L. 

2.  It  should  be  noted  that  there  are  very  few  words  which  contain 
a  medial  or  final  H  or  Wh.  A  vowel  sound  always  follows  the  H  and 
Wh  strokes. 

VOWEL  LOCATION  BY  POSITION 

3.  Illustrations  showing  how  consonant  strokes  are  joined  and  the 
unwritten  vowel  sounds  located  are  given  on  the  following  page.  The 
student  should  note  that  the  first  vowel  sound  comes  immediately  after 
the  first  stroke;  that  a  vowel  sound  follows  medial  or  final  T,  D,  Ray 
and  H  strokes ;  that  a  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  any  other  final  straight 
alphabetic  stroke.  More  advanced  pages  will  present  the  method  of 
expressing  T,  D  and  R  where  a  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  them ;  also, 
the  method  of  expressing  a  vowel  sound  after  the  other  strokes  where 
they  are  used  medially  or  finally. 

4.  In  the  great  majority  of  words,  the  final  vowel  sound  is  expressed 
by  the  letter  Y.  Therefore,  in  the  following  Key  outlines,  Y  is  printed 
as  the  final  vowel,  where  the  outlines  indicate  a  final  vowel  sound,  as 
p-ty,  b-ry,  b-dy,  instead  of  p-t-,  b-r-,  b-d-. 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  JOINED  STROKES 


1.  By  inserting  a  vowel  sound  where  hyphens  are  printed  in  the 
Key  to  the  following  illustrative  outlines,  one  or  more  words  are  obtained. 
Thus,  the  outline  p-ty  is  the  consonant  expression  for  the  words  patty, 
petty,  pity,  putty,  etc. 

2.  The  stwflent  should  write  the  following  illustrative  outlines  and 
name  the  vtffrds  and  syllables  in  which  they  are  the  consonant  sounds. 
Thus  p-k  is 'the  consonant  expression  for  the  words  pack,  peck,  pick,  peak, 
pike,  poke,  etc. 

3.  The  last  six  illustrations  teach  that  a  straight  stroke  repeated  is 
dotted  near  the  end  of  the  stroke  to  show  that  a  vowel  sound  does  not 
follow  the  sound  of  the  repeated  stroke,  and  that  a  repeated  straight 
stroke  is  written  disjoined  in  Second  Position  to  show  that  a  vowel  sound 
follows  the  repeated  stroke. 


> 


p-ch 

P-J 
p-k 

p-g 
p-ry 

b-ty 

b-dy 

b-ch 

b-j 

b-k 

b-g 


\y  .  b-rv 


i_ 


i/ 


JL. 

J— 

4 


t-ry 

d-p 

d-b 

d-ty 

d-ch 

d-k 

d-g 

d-ry 

ch-p 

ch-b 

ch-k 

ch-g 

ch-ry 

J-P 


T 


wh-k 

wh-g 

wh-ry 


V~~b-r-k 
1/         d-r-k 

\ h-d-k 

X/1  p-r-ty 
\A  p-r-dy 
\ P-P 


p-p- 

b-b 

b-by 

k-k 

k-k- 

\ 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

The  student  will  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for 
the  following  words : 


babe 

rap 

hip 

hope 

couch 

baby 

whack 

jig 

hop 

dowry 

back 

beach 

Jip 

job 

gouty 

bag 

beak 

kick 

jog 

pouch 

bake 

beck 

pick 

joke 

pouty 

batch 

bedew 

pig 

poach 

rowdy 

bearer 

beg 

pike 

poke 

balk 

cab 

cheap 

pipe 

pope 

chalk 

cage 

check 

pitch 

roach 

daub 

Cairo 

cheery 

pity 

roar 

gaudy 

cap 

deck 

rib 

rob 

haughty 

cape 

deep 

rich 

rock 

hawk 

catch 

heap 

ridge 

rogue 

talk 

chap 

hearer 

rig 

top 

book 

chary 

hedge 

ripe 

Tory 

booty 

dab 

hero 

tick 

beauty 

cook 

dairy 

keep 

tidy 

bug 

cooky 

data 

keg 

tip 

budge 

coop 

gab 

peck 

Whig 

chuck 

hook 

gag 

peep 

whip 

cub 

hoop 

gage 

peg 

bob 

cup 

took 

gap 

Peru 

bog 

duck 

whoop 

Gary 

pique 

borough 

duke 

bagpipe 

hag 

reap 

choke 

Dutch 

haycock 

Haiti 

reach 

chop 

duty 

hayrack 

Jack 

ready 

coach 

dub 

charity 

jag 

reek 

cob 

dupe 

parody 

jab 

wreck 

cock 

hub 

bedaub 

pack 

wretch 

cocoa 

hug 

detach 

page 

teach 

cog 

huge 

hectic 

papa 

teak 

cope 

Judah 

heritage 

patch 

bib 

Cora 

jug 

rectory 

tab 

big 

dock 

juju 

retake 

tag 

chick 

dodo 

puck 

retouch 

take 

chip 

dodge 

pug 

rhetoric 

tap 

Dido 

dog 

pup 

gyratory 

tape 

dig 

dope 

touch 

tiptop 

rack 

dike 

dory 

tube 

dotage 

rag 

dip 

goatee 

tug 

potato 

rage 

gig 

hob 

tub 

purity 

rare 

hike 

hog 

rug 

dearer 

SCIENTIFIC  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET  CONTINUED 

1.  Connecting  the  points  of  the  X  figure  by  curved  strokes,  light 
and  shaded,  we  obtain  four  light  line  strokes,  and  four  shaded  line 
strokes.  Such  strokes  represent  the  letters  M,  Mp,  N,  Ng,  Th,  Th,  S 
and  Z. 

tfOfc     M      Mp      N      Ng      Th      Th      s      z 

O^     _      ^  (       (       )       ) 

2.  Strokes  M,  Mp,  N,  Ng,  must  be  written  from  left  to  right. 
Strokes  Th,  Th,  S  and  Z   must  be  written  downward. 

3.  The  light  line  Th  stroke  expresses  th  as  heard  in  bath,  think; 
and  the  heavy  Th  stroke  expresses  th   as  heard  in  bathe,  those. 

4.  A  vowel  sound  follows  the  medial  and  final  use  of  the  N  stroke, 
as  in  funny,  many,  tonic,  etc.  The  method  of  expressing  medial  and 
final  N,  when  a  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  it,  as  in  fun,  men,  tone, 
etc.,  will  be  given  in  more  advanced  pages  of  this  book. 

5.  A  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  medial  and  final  M,  Mp,  Ng,  Th, 
Th.  Strokes  S  and  Z  are  seldom  used  either  medially  or  finally.  Vowel 
location  connected  with  their  use  is  given  in  an  advanced  page  of  this 
work. 

WRITING  EXERCISE 

6.  The  student  may  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for  the  fol- 
lowing words  and  syllables : 

May,  me,  my,  mo,  mew  (M  stroke,  Second  Position)  ;  nay,  knee, 
nigh,  know,  new,  now ;  tha,  the,  thigh,  tho,  thew ;  they,  thee,  thy,  though, 
thou;  say,  see,  sigh,  sew,  sue,  saw;  zay,  zee,  zie,  Zoe,  zoo. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  JOINED  STROKES 


m-p  "~^\ 


L=> th-m  _^L 


n-b  .1 — % th-m  __1 wh-m 


~r 


m-ty 


1- 


«*_ n-dy  \.  / —  p-ny  — S b-th 

m-ch  ^  y       n-j  I  ^       t-nv  JS D_tlle 


T 


y n-j  _L^ t-ny  J^ 

1_  m-ry  ■> ■>    n-m  S     '    r-ny  S\ r-th 

^  m-m  >.  * —    n-g  .  L— ->. —  d-m  _^4 —  r-the 

_m-th  A th-k  A       ch-m  .  U — t-n-k 

^m-ny  _J th-g  __L_h-m  ^       m-t-ny 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


The  student  will  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for  the 
following  words: 


bathe 

meaty 

both 

thug 

depth 

canoe 

meek 

cockney 

thumb 

merino 

came 

neap 

cockroach 

thump 

Metonic 

camp 

neck 

cony 

tuna 

nectary 

dame 

needy 

comb 

downy 

retinue 

damp 

Neta 

come 

mouth 

technic 

game 

renew 

dome 

balm 

thetic 

gamp 

wreath 

doth 

calm 

chimney 

ham 

seedy 

honey 

gnaw 

Chinook 

jam 

team 

home 

palm 

chipmunk 

jamb 

Theda 

mob 

naughty 

dictum 

maim 

theme 

mock 

tawny 

kinetic  • 

make 

zero 

money 

booth 

minatory 

Madge 

China 

mope 

boom 

mink 

many 

chime 

Moro 

doom 

minum 

map 

Dinah 

moth 

moody 

nickname 

match 

dim 

notch 

nook 

knickknack 

Mary- 

dime 

pony 

sooty 

dignitary 

knack 

guinea 

pomp 

tomb 

psychic 

nab 

hymn 

wrong 

tooth 

conic 

nag 

kith 

soda 

barony 

corona 

name 

midge 

thong 

tank 

Modoc 

nap 

miry 

tony 

rank 

Mohawk 

nape 

myth 

tome 

Canada 

monitory 

nabob 

nib 

bum 

catacomb 

monody 

rainy 

niche 

dumb 

daytime 

monotony 

rang 

nick 

gum 

harangue 

monotype 

Sadie 

nip 

hung 

harem 

moratory 

Sarah 

piny 

hum 

madam 

Sodom 

tame 

ring 

jump 

Madeira 

thoric 

tamp 

writhe 

Juno 

magnetic 

dukedom 

thatch 

Sinai 

juror 

manage 

mutiny 

beam 

thyme 

muck 

manitou 

Puritanic 

Beth 

tiny 

mug 

matinee 

coinage 

death 

time 

mum 

maturity 

dogtooth 

deem 

tithe 

nub 

panada 

chink 

deny 

thick 

nudge 

satanic 

tunic 

gem 

whim 

numb 

bedim 

botanic 

heap 

bony 

puny 

cherub 

retina 

hemp 

bomb 

Ruth 

denim 

detinue 

SCIENTIFIC  SHORTHAND  ALPHABET  CONTINUED 

1.  Connecting  the  points  of  the  cross  by  curved  strokes,  light  and 
shaded,  we  obtain  four  light  line  strokes,  and  four  shaded  line  strokes. 
Such  strokes  represent  the  letters  L,  Lt-d,  W,  Qu,  F,  V,  Sh  and  Y. 


m 


Lt-d       \V  Ou        F        V  Sh        Y 


.A 


z_z: ^ ^ ^ v     i       j     j 


UPWARD  AND  DOWNWARD  FORMS  FOR  L  AND  Sh  STROKES 

2.  Initial  L  stroke  is  written  upward,  generally. 

3.  Sh  stroke  is  written  downward  where  it  is  the  only  stroke  in  the 
word.  Initial  Sh  stroke,  in  words  containing  two  or  more  strokes,  may 
be  written  either  upward  or  downward,  care  being  taken  to  use  the 
direction  which  will  give  the  most  facile  joining  with  the  stroke  that  fol- 
lows: Thus,  in  the  word  shame,  the  downward  Sh  makes  the  better 
joining;  in  the  word  shady,  the  upward  Sh  makes  the  better  joining.  All 
other  strokes  above  given  must  be  written  downward. 

4.  Strokes  L  and  Sh,  used  medially  and  finally,  must  be  written 
upward  where  a  vowel  sound  follows  them ;  and  they  must  be  written 
downward  where  a  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  them. 

STROKES  THAT  IMPLY  A  VOWEL  SOUND  FOLLOWING 

5.  A  vowel  sound  always  follows  strokes  W,  Qu  and  Y ;  also  L  and 
Sh  when  they  are  written  upward,  as  set  forth  in  last  paragraph.  A 
vowel  sound  does  not  follow  the  medial  and  final  use  of  the  other  strokes 
above  given. 

6.  The  Qu  stroke  represents  not  only  the  sound  of  Qu  as  heard  in 
quick,  acquire,  but  it  may  represent  also  the  alphabetic  sound  of  Qu 
as  heard  in  cute,  cure,  accuracy,  vacuum. 

\\  AND  R  STROKES  DIFFERENTIATED 

7.  There  are  very  few  words  that  contain  the  medial  or  final  con- 
sonant sound  of  W,  as  heard  in  byway,  leeway,  bailiwick.  Therefore, 
the  medial  and  final  W  stroke  must  be  dotted,  in  order  that  we  may  be 
able  to  use  the  same  stroke  undotted,  medially  and  finally,  to  express 
the  sound  of  R  where  it  is  not  followed  by  a  vowel  sound,  as  in  the 
words  dare,  chair,  fire,  etc.  We  are  thereby  enabled  to  differentiate 
dare  and  dairy;  fire  and  fury;  cheer  and  cheery;  mire  and  marry,  by 
using  the  Ray  stroke  where  a  vowel  sound  follows  R,  and  by  using  the 
curved  R  stroke  (same  as  W  stroke),  where  a  vowel  sound  does  not 
follow  R. 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


8.  The  student  may  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for  the  fol- 
lowing words  and  syllables : 

Lay,  lea,  lie,  low,  lieu,  law  (L  stroke,  Second  Position)  ;  way,  wee, 
wye,  woe,  woo ;  qua,  quee,  qui,  quo,  queue ;  fay,  fee,  fie,  foe,  few ;  vay,  vee, 
vie,  voe,  view,  vow ;  shay,  she,  shy,  show,  shoo,  shaw ;  yea,  ye,  yo,  yew. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  JOINED  STROKES 


^X. 


ZL 


ZX 

Zl_ 


/v 


^L 


£L 


^ 


-p 
-j 

-dy 
-ry 
-k 
-m 
-mp 
-ng 
-ny 
-r 
-f 
v 
th 
the 
w-1- 
w-ry 
w-ty 
w-d- 


9- 


v_ 


v_ 


h 


K 


J^ 


w-n- 

qu-1 
.  qu-sh 
,qu-f 

qu-k 

f-ny 
f-ty 

>g 

.  f-ng 
,  f-m 
.  f-th 
f-ch 
,v-t- 
i  v-mp 
,v-ny 

,f-g 

.s-1- 
S-h-r- 


z-ngk 
sh-p 


A     sh-dy 

_L sh-k 

J^  sh-ry 
J—,  sh-m 
y  sh-ny 
J      Y-d- 


-^ 


T 


T 


> 


y-r- 

m-y- 

f-ld 

m-lt 

k-lt 

g-ld 

b-ld 

t-ld 

h-ld 


VL 


x. 


10 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  UPWARD  AND  DOWNWARD  L  AND  SH 

STROKES 

J—  d-1  /       j-1  -pJ 1-1  J      d-sh 

J^—  d-ly  A~       j-ly  -^ t-ly  1/       d-shy 

f-1  _/T   _  1-1  -\ —  v_1  -X f-sh 


-> 


/r    i-i        -^ — v-1        -Xr 


kZl_  f-ly  _Z_>ly  AZl_v-ly  Vy     f-shy 


— - - —  g-1  \  p-1  -  —jA sh-1  ^ m-sh 

L-  g-ly  \f  p-ly  -^- —  sh-1-  ^-^J  m-shy 

/     Vi-1  ^  r-1  -^ b-sh  X?      r-sh 

J__h-ly  ^^  r-ly  _^Z_  b-shy  _^_  R-sh- 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  UPWARD  AND  DOWNWARD  -R  AND 

RAY  STROKES 


■V      b-r  V         f-r 


^x-r  -^ 


m-r 


-  sh-r 
^^lb-ry  \Js     f-ry  ^/  m-ry  ■   ^     sh-ry 

L — d-r  ^        h-r  "^        qu-r  _k^_  v-r 

t/L-d-ry  /^      h-rv  _Z^kl_qu-ry  A^l.  V-r- 

1  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  REPEATED  STRAIGHT  STROKES 

1.  The  Ray  stroke  is  super-lengthened  and  dotted  to  express  tier, 
as  in  barrier,  courier,  merrier,  etc. ;  and  it  is  lengthened  and  dotted 
to  express  rer,  as  in  dearer,  nearer,  mirror,  etc.  ■ 

2.  Words  are  divided  into  syllables  so  that  each  medial  and  final 
syllable  begins  with  a  consonant  sound.  Thus,  the  words  seed-er, 
mark-er,  plant-er,  reap-er,  shell-ing,  are  written  as  though  pronounced 
see-der,  mar-ker,  plan-ter,  rea-per,  she-ling, 

-$\ bopeep  *r  ' —  sorority         \/  barrier      IL — ^     totem 

>■           peacock      Ji — =  Teutonic .     *— S        mirror       is        juror 
—  pedagogue  -k_ dearer  ^-^/        merrier     IX      terror 


11 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

The  student  will  now  write  the  consonant  outlines  for  the 
following  words: 


bare 

vague 

yellow 

loaf 

move 

dash 

vale 

billow 

loath 

tour 

fair 

vary 

byway 

loathe 

woolly 

faith 

wallow 

child 

lodge 

fairly 

fame 

warrior 

dire 

loll 

fanatic 

fang 

waylay 

fig 

lore 

fatally 

fatty 

whale 

Fido 

love 

fatigue 

hail 

berry 

fife 

lowly 

lactic 

hash 

cheer 

file 

molt 

laudanum 

jail 

fear 

five 

knoll 

malady 

chary 

fellow 

guile 

quota 

quality 

carriage 

fetch 

highway 

quoth 

shapely 

lair 

ferry 

hire 

shore 

tallyho 

lake 

jello 

life 

told 

vampire 

lady 

leaf 

like 

volley 

vanity 

lame 

leak 

lilac 

worry 

wallop 

lamp 

leave 

lily 

bureau 

watery 

lap 

leap 

lip 

curry 

belief 

latch 

leash 

lithe 

cube 

derive 

lath 

ledge 

mire 

duly 

hemlock 

laugh 

leer 

Nile 

fudge 

require 

mail 

leeway 

quick 

furor 

venom 

mare 

leg 

quire 

funny 

dimly 

marriage 

Lehigh 

Shiloh 

July 

fifth 

marry 

mellow 

ship 

lull 

fishhook 

maya 

mesh 

silo 

lure 

linotype 

nail 

Nellie 

tissue 

mush 

litany 

Nash 

query 

vim 

rule 

ridicule 

pare 

real 

viny 

rush 

shipwreck 

quack 

reef 

widow 

Russia 

Shylock 

quaff 

rely 

winnow 

tush 

victim 

quash 

sheaf 

witty 

foil 

vitally 

rash 

sheath 

bold 

doily 

forage 

rarely 

sheathe 

coal 

vouch 

phonetic 

shadow 

shield 

cold 

halt 

hollyhock 

shady 

shelly 

folk 

haul 

lofty 

shake 

thief 

foray 

Cauley 

loophole 

shame 

venue 

goal 

Laura 

quorum 

shave 

veto 

gold 

vault 

votary 

shape 

wearer 

hoar 

look 

futurity 

share 

wheel 

hold 

loony 

lunatic 

Yeddo 

holly 

tear 

moor 

purely 

12 


LOCATING  MEDIAL  AND  FINAL  VOWEL  SOUNDS 

1.  Medial  and  final  T,  D,  Ray,  N,  H,  Y,  Qu,  and  upward  L  and 
Sh  strokes,  imply  a  vowel  sound  following.  Medial  and  final  P,  B,  Ch, 
J,  K,  G,  F,  V,  Th,  Th,  M,  Mp,  Lt-d,  are  lengthened  to  show  a  vowel 
sound  following . 


_rope 
^_ropy 
tack 
^tacky 


z_ 


1_ 


L — *       dnm 

L .  dummy 

2^_leaf 
.leafy 
.teach 
touchy 


-moth 

-Matthew 

-dumpy 

-redeem 

.hammock 

-Dakota 


X 


hf- 


zv. 


satanic 

bigamy 

hoggish 

legatee 

refectory 


iA=_  vilify 
.revive 


L — j      damage 
\         peachy 


1/V  terrific 

*- — J\      humility 
moldy 
Cathay 
ravage 


3 


2.     Medial  and  final  T,  D,  Ray,  N,  Qu,  and  upward  L  and  Sh,  are 
lengthened  to  show  that  two  successive  vowel  sounds  follow  them. 


A 


Cora 

Corea 

ratio 

radio 

folio 


A 


iZ. 


\yf  burial 
)/[      cereal 


k. 


meteor 
•shadowy 

Joshua 
nausea 
.medium 
.vacuum 


/\     radially 


13 
THE  DOUBLE  CONSONANT  ALPHABET 

1.  In  Scientific  Shorthand,  each  consonant  sound  is  expressed  in  two 
ways.  The  second  way  of  expressing  some  of  the  consonants  is  (a) 
by  making  the  strokes  longer,  as  set  forth  in  paragraph  one  on  the  pre- 
ceding page;  (b)  by  writing  the  strokes  upward  and  downward,  as  in 
the  case  of  L,  Sh  and  R;  (c)  by  a  small  final  hook,  as  in  the  case  of 
T,  D  and  N,  which  will  be  given  later. 

2.  The  purpose  of  this  double  representation  of  the  consonant 
sounds  is  to  show  whether  or  not  a  vowel  sound  follows  the  medial  and 
final  uses  of  the  consonant  strokes,  and  other  characters  which  represent 
them.  In  this  way,  we  differentiate  such  words  as  fun  and  funny;  pit 
and  pity;  need  and  needy;  vale  and  valley;  bush  and  bushy;  dare  and 
dairy;  bug  and  buggy. 

3.  We  must  request  the  student  to  master  the  plan  of  this  work, 
and  in  all  cases  to  use  the  correct  consonant  characters;  because  some 
of  the  consonant  characters  are  to  be  used  medially  and  finally,  when 
they  are  followed  by  a  vowel  sound,  and  the  others  are  to  be  used  when 
they  are  not  followed  by  a  vowel  sound.  Therefore,  the  correct  uses 
of  the  double  consonant  representatives  constitute  the  theory  of  Scientific 
Shorthand,  in  very  large  part. 

4.  No  other  system  of  shorthand  writing  contains  a  complete  double 
representation  of  consonant  sounds.  No  other  system  of  shorthand  writ- 
ing, therefore,  can  locate  the  vowel  sounds  except  by  making  extra  char- 
acters for  them,  thereby  adding  greatly  to  the  length  of  the  shorthand 
outline  for  any  word. 

5.  It  is  well  known  that  very  few  words  require  the  writing  in  of 
the  vowel  sounds,  provided  their  exact  locations  are  shown  by  the  struct- 
ure of  the  consonant  outlines.  This  fact  is  clearly  shown  by  the  hyphen- 
ated outlines  for  words  given  in  the  Writing  Exercises  throughout  this 
work. 

6.  Scientific  Shorthand  is  the  briefest  writing  system  it  is  possible  to 
construct,  and  maintain  necessary  legibility. 

WORDS  MUST  BE  WRITTEN  IN  CONTRACTED  FORM 

7.  All  shorthand  writing  of  necessity  is  contracted  writing.  In  Sci- 
entific Shorthand,  words  arc  contracted  as  follows : 

(a)  By  omitting  all  silent  letters;  (b)  by  locating  the  vowel  sounds, 
thereby  overcoming  the  necessity  of  expressing  them  by  either  connected 
or  disjoined  characters;  (c)  by  omitting  the  first  of  repeated  conson- 
ants, as  heard  in  carriage,  buffalo,  effect,  associate  —  writing  them 
cariage,  bufalo,  efect,  asociatc. 


14 

COMPLETE  CONSONANT  ALPHABET 

Pee  \     p,  as  in  pay,  rap  See  )  s,  as  in  say,  seedy 

Bee  \    b.  as  in  boy,  rub  Zee  __)_  z,  as  in  zinc,  Ezra 

Tee  J t,  as  in  tie,  pity  Shay  y  sh,  as  in  ship,  ash 

Dee  _| d,  as  in  do,  ready  Yea  J  y,  as  in  yes,  bunion 

Chay     /     ch,  as  in  chop,  etch  Em  m.  as  in  me.  time 

Jay        /_ j,  as  in  jog,  rage  Emp  ^^  mp.  as  in  damp,  lumpy 

Hay h,  as  in  hay,  behave  En  . „  n,  as  in  no,  rainy 

Wha  i wh,  as  in  whip,  whine  Ing  ^__,  ng,  as  in  song,  among 

Kay  k.  as  in  key,  take  El  /""  1,  as  in  lay,  folly 

Gay  p-.  as  in  go,  rug  Elt-d  /^  lt-d,  as  in   fault,  mold 

Fee  _V, f?  as  in  foe,  muff  Ar  -.,  r,  as  in  arm,  dare 

*  ee       V^     v.  as  in  view,  move  Way  ^\  w.  as  in  willow,  wine 

The  _£ th,  as  in  thigh,  both  Way  -^  w,  as  in  away,  awake 

Thee  _£ th    as  jn  t|leC)  bathe  Way  "^  w.  as  in  byway,  leeway 

^a.v       /    r.  as  in  roe,  bury  Qu  ~^  qu.  as  in  quick,  accuse 

EXACT  VOWEL  EXPRESSION 

1.  The  method  by  which  the  vowels  are  located  has  now  been  given. 

2.  On  the  page  opposite,  we  present  the  method  by  which  medial  and 
final  vowel  sounds  may  be  exactly  expressed.  There  is  greater  need 
of  exact  vowel  expression  in  words  of  one  syllable  than  in  other  word?. 
The  greater  the  number  of  consonants  expressed  and  vowels  located,  the 
lesser  the  need  for  exact  vowel  expression. 

3.  The  student  should  rewrite  the  words  given  in  preceding  writing 
exercises,  pages  5,  7  and  11,  and  write  into  the  outlines  the  exact  vowel 
sounds,  thereby  securing  accuracy  and  facility  in  exact  vowel  expression. 


15 


MANNER  OF  EXPRESSING  VOWEL  SOUNDS 

1.     Medial  and  final  vowel  sounds,  and  initial  short  vowel  sounds,  are 
expressed  by  the  following  characters : 


A 
E 
I 


O 

u 

Oo 


Oi,  oy,  as  in  oil,  boy 
Ou,  ow,  as  in  out,  now 
Au,  aw,  as  in  audit,  law 


2.  The  vowel  characters  are  written  on  the  right  hand  side  of  per- 
pendicular and  inclined  strokes,  and  on  the  under  side  of  horizontal 
strokes  to  show  that  the  vowel  sound  follows  the  sound  of  the  stroke; 
and  they  are  written  near  the  end  of  any  stroke  to  show  that  the  vowel 
has  the  long  sound. 


V 

pay 

In 

due 

V 

be 

v 

__  D°y 

L 

tie 

/ 

bow 

v. 

foe 

/< 

raw 

\^>       boo 


t 


law 


now 


may 


J_ 


thy 
she 
cow 
go 


3.  Long  vowel  and  diphthong  sounds  between  strokes  are  written 
either  after  the  first  stroke,  or  before  the  second  stroke,  as  may  be  most 
convenient . 

\..-_  bake 

\, ^       dime 


A 


home 


peal 

bowl 

rainy 


A. share 


ripe 


shame 


N/"7    below 


I deep 

j ^     doom 


4.  Short  vowel  sounds  between  strokes  are  written  after  the  first 
of  the  two  strokes,  at  the  beginning  end  of  the  stroke.  A,  as  heard  in 
calm,  tarry,  is  expressed  by  writing  the  vowel  at  the  center  of  the  stroke. 


\  back 

A  —  dim 

{T^"^  lamp 


A 


A, 


hem 
chum 


L— s.     thump 


ship 
mop 
rang 


A 


tarn- 
calm 
whim 


16 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  PRECEDING  PRINCIPLES 


Revenue,  r-v-n- 
/"V  Lottery,  l-t-ry 

V/\       Phillip,  f-l-p 

K.  Foppery,  f-p-ry 


_ Tammany,  t-m-ny 


, Cholera,  k-l-ry 

__  Tobacco,  t-b-ko 

—  Dignity,  d-gn-ty 

—  Coterie,  k-t-r- 


— ^ — ■  y. —  Factory,  f-kt-ry 

)±J- Felony,  f-l-ny 

^y -Happily,  h-p-ly 

■*wl Debility,  d-b-l-ty 

-Bamboo,  b-niboo 
-Bouquet,  b-ka 
•Hackney,  h-kny 


\ 


r-i 


^r — ■ 


V 


J/3/ 


-=L 


\^ 


^L 


Lineage,   l-n-  -j 
Jubilee,  j-b-l- 
Polarity,  p-l-r-iy 
Lullaby,  l-l-by 
Demagogue,  d-m-g-g 
Military,  m-l-t-ry 
Manifold,  ui-n-f-ld 
Tonnage,  t-u-j 
Mammoth,  m-m-ih 
Militia,  m-l-sh- 
Di rectory,  d-r-kt-ry 
Victoria,  v-ht-r-  - 
Mahogany,  m-h-g-ny 
Bonafide,  b-n-f-d- 
Nebula,  n-b-la 
Cupola,   qu-p-la 
Malaria,   m-I-r-  - 


—  Decalogue,  d-k-l-g 

Note: — The  italicized  letters  shown  above,  represent  the  consonant 
sounds  in  the  respective  words.  The  Scientific  Shorthand  outlines  must 
express,  not  only  those  exact  consonant  sounds,  but  they  must  be  positioned 
and  constructed  so  they  show  that  vowel  sounds  are  exactly  where  the 
hyphens  are  printed. 

Position  is  used  either  to  express  or  to  locate  the  initial  vowel  sound. 
The  lengthening  of  certain  strokes  is  used  solely  to  show  that  a  vowel 
sound  follows  the  sound  of  the  stroke.  If  the  stroke  implies  a  vowel 
sound  following  (as  in  the  case  of  medial  and  final  T,  D,  Ray,  N,  Lay, 
Sha),  then  such  stroke  is  lengthened  to  show  that  two  successive  (con- 
current) vowel  sounds  follow  it. 


17 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


1.  The  words  given  in  the  several  writing  exercises  throughout  this 
work  should  he  written  in  longhand  on  the  left  margin  of  the  student's 
note  book ;  and  the  shorthand  outline,  which  exactly  expresses  the  itali- 
cized letters,  and  locates  the  unrepresented  vowel  sound  or  sounds  as 
shown  by  the  hyphens,  should  be  written  as  near  as  possible  to  the  word. 
The  student's  work  should  be  carefully  examined  and  criticised  by  the 
teacher.  The  student  should  then  write  each  word  as  many  times  as  the 
line  space  will  permit.  Great  care  should  be  exercised  in  the  formation  of 
each  alphabetic  stroke,  as  to  length,  direction  and  position.  The  student 
should  fully  understand  why  and  how  the  consonant  outlines,  aided  by 
position,  locate  vowel  sounds  exactly  as  shown  by  the  hyphens. 


pump,  p-mp 
hump,  h-mp 
wreathe,  r-th 
fang,  f-ng 
hath,    h-th 
bump,  b-mp 
heath,  h-th 
hack,  h-k 
thing,  th-ng 
vamp,  v-mp 
path,  p-tJi 
faith,  f-th 
fake,  f-k 
sheath,  sh-th 

dump,  d-nip 
dug,  d-g 
gum.  s;-m 
Goth,  'G-th 
thump,  tJi-mp 
bath,    b-th 
sheathe,  sh-th 
jump,  j-mp 
wrath,    r-th 
lump,  l-nip 
lung,  l-ng 
teeth,   t-th 
lathe,   1-th 
rhythm,  r-th  in 
long,  l-ng 
beer,  b-r 
tare,  t-r 


jeer,  ]-r 
gore,  g-r 
hear,  h-r 
fire,  f-r 
near,  n-r 
pair,  p-r 
bore,  b-r 
tire,  t-r 
dear,   d-r 
care,  k-r 
rear,  r-r 
queer,  qu-r 
hair,  h-r 
pore,  p-r 

tore,  t-r 
chair,   cli-r 
core,  k-r 
veer,  v-r 
dare,  d-r 
pure,  p-r 
bear,  b-r 
door,  d-r 
chore,  ch-r 
gear,  g-r 
hare,  h-r 
fare,  f-r 
pier,  p-r 
perry,  p-ry 
Jerry,  J-ry 
Harry,  H-ry 
very,   v-ry 


sherry,  sh-ry 
bury,   b-ry 
jury,  j-ry 
hurry,  h-ry 
Laury,  L-ry 
merry,  m-ry 
tarry,   t-ry 
carry,  h-ry 
hoary,  h-ry 
wiry,  iv-ry 
sorry,  s-ry 
cherry,  ch-ry 
gory,  g-ry 
fiery,  f-ry 

yarrow,  y-ro 
narrow,  n-ro 
pale,  p-l 
ball,  b-l 
peal,  p-l 
bail,  b-l 
tall,  t-l 
pile,  p-l 
bowl,  b-l 
tile,  t-l 
pole,  p-l 
bawl,  b-l 
tool,  /-/ 
jail,  j-l 
hale,  h-l 
vail,  v-l 
dare,  d-r 


mile,  m-l 
kneel,  n-l 
dale,  d-l 
keel,  k-l 
heel,  h-l 
rail,  r-l 
fail,  f-l 
vile,  W 
mole,  m-l 
deal,  d-/ 
cool,  k-l 
reel,  r-i 
hole,  ft-/ 
mail,  m-l 

mule,  ?»-/ 
quail,   qu-l 
gale,  £-/ 
rile,  r-/ 
howl,  h-l 
fowl,  /-/ 
meal,  m-l 
nail,  «-/ 
shale,  j/i-/ 
pulley,   p-ly 
chilly,  ch-ly 
rally,  r-ly 
fully,  /-/y 
bully,  fr-/y 
jelly,  j-ly 
hilly,  /t-/y 
valley,  v-ly 


18 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


willow,  zv-lo 
shallow,  sh-lo 
fallow,  f-lo 
tally,  t-ly 
Cauley,   K-ly 
holy,  h-ly 
lily,  l-ly 
harrow,  h-ro 
furrow,  f-ro 
sheer,  sh-r 
tulip,  t-l-p 
daily,  d-ly 

folly,  f-ly 
Malay,  M-la 
gallop,  g-l-p 
bellow,  b-lo 
push,  />-^/t 
cash,  k-sh 
lash,  /-j/i 
foolish,  f-l-sh 

Pasha,  P-sha 
mushy,  m-shy 
bush,  b-sh 
gush,  £-,?/» 
gash,  g-sh 
mulish,  m-l-sh 
bushy,  b-shy 
wishy,  w-shy 
dish,  d-sh 
hush,  h-sh 
Polish,  P-/-j/i 
dishy,  rf-j/ty 
dashy,  d-shy 
josh,  /-*& 
fish,  f-sh 
rake,  r-fc 
fishy,  ^-j/iy 
Joshua,   J-sh-- 
fop,  /-/> 
rub,  r-b 
knob,  n-fr 
peach,  />-c/i 
peachy,  p-chy 


*'og,  /-£ 
foppy,  f-py 
nobby,  n-by 
ruby,  r-&y 
foggy,  f-gy 
mop,   »»-/> 
beech,  b-ch 
log,  /-£ 
mopy,  w-/>y 
vvebby,  w-by 
ditch,  d-c/t 
beechy,   b-chy 
knock,  n-k 
tack,  /-& 
tacky,  t-ky 
league,  /-g 
loggy,  l-gy 
pith,  />-#» 
dum,  d-m 
lime,  l-m 
timely,  t-mly 

lively,  l-vly 
reverie,  r-v-r- 
verily,  v-r-ly 
revenue,  r-v-nu 
lottery,  l-t-ry 
parish,  p-r-sh 
cubic,  qu-b-k 
pithy,  p-thy 
dummy,  d-my 
limy,  l-my 
dumbly,  d-mly 
moth,  m-th 
chum,  ch-m 
pillow,  p-lo 
Phillip,  F-l-p 
Matthew,  M-thu 
chummy,  ch-my 
below,  b-lo 
comic,  k-m-k 
redeem,  r-d-m 
tonic,  t-n-k 
happy,  h-py 
comedy,  k-m-dy 


mimic,    ni-m-k 
livery,  l-v-ry 
vilify,  v-l-fy 
foppery,  f-p-ry 
fathom,  f-th-m 
baggage,  b-g-j 
parity,  p-r-ty 
verity,  v-r-ty 
revoke,  r-v-k 
referee,  r-f-re 
panic,  p-n-k 
Tammany,  T-m-ny 
Timothy,    T-m-thy 
botany,    b-t-ny 
pigmy,  p-gmy 
legatee,  l-g-te 
badge,  b-j 
banana,  b-n-n- 
bedeck,  b-d-k 
borrow,  b-ro 
by-law,  b-lazv 

chicory,  ch-k-ry 
cholera,  k-l-ry 
tobacco,  t-b-ko 
notary,  n-t-ry 
dignity,  d-gn-ty 
dogma,  d-gma 
famish,  f-m-sh 
gummy,   "•-;;/  v 
bailiff,  b-l-f  ' 
readily,  r-d-ly 
vanilla,  v-n-l- 
camera,  k-m-r- 
knife,  n-f 
coffee,   k-f- 
coterie,  k-t-ry 
debauch,  d-b-ch 
dilemma,  d-l-m- 
factory,  f-kt-ry 
felony,  f-l-ny 
knave,  n-v 
navy,  n-vy 
roguish,  r-g-sh 
shiny,   sh-ny 


19 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


damage,,  d-m-j 
ravage,  r-v-j 
happily,   h-p-ly 
bakery,  b-k-ry 
beautify,  b-t-fy 
IxDttom,  b-t-m 
cavity,  k-v-ty 
comedy,  k-m-dy 
derrick,  d-r-k 
debility,  d-b-l-ty 
heretic,  h-r-t-k 
bamboo,  b-mboo 
battery,  b-t-ry 
bookish,  b-k-sli 
bouquet,  b-ka 
vitally,   v-t-ly 
codify,  k-d-fy 
covey,  k-vy 
delay,   d-la 
hackney,  h-kny 

hammock,  h-m-k 
leafy,  l-fy 
magnify,  m-gn-fy 
decalogue,  d-k-l-g 
merino,  m-r-no 
bequeath,  b-qu-th 
dynamo,  d-n-mo 
rebuke,  r-b-k 
tunic,   t-n-k 
thorough,  th-ro 
pagoda,  p-g-d- 
territory,   t-r-t-ry 
fatigue,  f-t-g 
package,  p-k-j 
hurrah,  h-razv 
lack,  l-k 
lackey,  l-ky 
jubilee,  j-b-le 
luck,  l-k 
lucky,  l-ky 
polarity,  p-l-r-ty 
meadow,  m-do 
mighty,  m-ty 
peerage,  p-r-j 


radish,  r-d-sh 
lullaby,  l-l-by 
relief,  r-l-f 
retire,  r-t-r 
demagogue,  d-m-g-g 
Jericho,  j-r-ko 
villa,  v-l- 
gallery,  g-l-ry 
military,  m-l-t-ry 
monopoly,   m-n-p-ly 
menagerie,  m-n-j-r- 
nullify,  n-l-fy 
buggy,  b-gy 
manifold,  m-n-f-ld 
julep,  j-l-p 
tonnage,  t-n-j 
rotary,   r-t-ry 
lyric,   l-r-k 
mammoth,  m-m-th 
melody,  m-l-dy 

relieve,  r-l-v 
shampoo,  sh-mp- 
village,  v-l-j 
militia,   m-l-sh- 
directory,  d-r-kt-ry 
mature,  m-t-r 
victory,  v-kt-ry 
lovely,  1-vly 
maritime,   m-r-t-m 
necktie,  n-kti 
ravish,  r-v-sh 
repair,  r-p-r 
mahogany,  m-h-g-ny 
monetary,  m-n-t-ry 
coupe,  k-pa 
pedagogue,  p-d-g-g 
pomatum,  p-m-t-m 
bona  fide,  b-n-f-d- 
Paulina,  P-l-n- 
nebula,  n-b-l- 
revoke,  r-v-k 
zenith,  z-n-th 
cupola,  qup-la 
minimum,  m-n-m-m 


picnic,  p-kn-k 
fidelity,  f-d-l-ty 
magic,  m-j-k 
memory,  m-m-ry 
peevish,  p-v-sh 
rupee,  r-pe 
ratify,  r-t-fy 
quarry,  qn-ry 
kodak,  k-d-k 
Lackawanna,  L-k-w-n- 
colic,  k-l-k 
bigamy,  b-g-my 
cabbage,  k-b-j 
defame,  d-f-tn 
female,  f-m-l 
Gothic,  G-th-k 
humanity,  h-m-n-ty 
jubilee,  j-b-le 
knavery,  n-v-ry 
logic,  l-j-k 

majority,  m-j-r-ty 
nobility,  n-b-l-ty 
pathetic,  p-th-t-k 
qualify,  qu-l-fy 
repay,  r-pa 
savory,  s-v-ry 
topic,  t-p-k 
vivify,  v-v-fy 
beguile,  b-g-l 
beverage,  b-v-r-j 
lumpy,  l-mpy 
cajole,  k-j-l 
calico,  k-l-k o 
canopy,  k-n-py 
Catholic,  K-th-l-k 
chamois,  sh-my 
chemic,  k-m-k 
comma,  k-ma 
Quebec,  Qu-b-k 
faulty,  f-lty 
demolish,  d-m-l-sh 
depot,  d-po 
fumatory,  f-m-t-ry 
heavily,  h-v-ly  ■ 


20 

ALPHABETIC  DRILL  PRACTICE. 

1.  Read  par.  7,  page  21,  and  note  its  application  in  the  writing  of  the 
words  payee,  boa,  dewy,  Leo-,  Noah  and  Joab. 

2.  Write  the  alphabetic  strokes  lengthened,  in  Second  Position,  to 
show  that  two  (concurrent)  vowel  sounds  follow  the  sound  of  the  stroke. 

3.  Pronounce  the  concurrent  vowels  ac,  ie,  oe,  tic.  Therefore,  name 
the  lengthened  P  stroke,  payee,  pice,  poee,  pewey.  Likewise,  name  the 
lengthened  B  stroke,  bayec,  byce,  boee,  bezvey;  the  T  stroke,  tayce,  tyee. 
toec,  teivey,  etc. 

4.  Write  the  strokes  of  the  entire  alphabet  lengthened,  in  Second 
Position,  as  the  teacher  or  dictator  pronounces  them,  associated  with  the 
concurrent  vowel  sounds,  as  above  given. 

5.  It  is  advisable  to  alternate  the  strokes  with  the  regular  alphabetic 
lengths,  thus:  pay,  pea,  pie,  poe,  pew;  payee,  pyee,  poee,  pewee;  bay,  bee, 
by,  boe,  bcu;  bayee,  byce,  boee,  beucy,  etc. 

6.  Read  par.  3,  page  21,  then  write  the  following  initial  syllables: 

Ap,  ep,  ip,  op,  up  (P  stroke  in  Third  Position)  ;  ab,  eb,  ib,  ob,  ub ; 
at,  et,  it,  ot,  ut;  ad,  ed,  id,  od,  ud ;  atch,  etch,  itch,  otch,  utch;  aj,  edge, 
ij,  oj,  uj ;  ack,  eck,  ick,  ock,  uck;  ag,  eg,  ig,  og,  ug;  af,  ef,  if,  of,  uf :  av, 
ev,  iv,  ov,  uv;  ath,  eth,  ith,  oth,  uth;  athe,  ethe,  ithe,  othe,  tithe:  al,  el,  il, 
ol,  til;  am,  em,  im,  om,  urn;  amp,  emp,  imp,  omp,  timp;  an,  en,  in.  on, 
un;  ang,  eng,  ing,  ong,  ting;  ash,  esh,  ish,  osh,  ush  (down  stroke)  ;  ar, 
er,  ir,  or,  tir,  (curved  R  stroke). 

7.  Read  par.  4,  page  21,  then  write  the  following  syllables: 

Apy,  epy,  ipy,  opy,  upy;  aby,  eby,  iby,  oby,   uby;  aty,  ety,  itv,  oty, 
uty. 

Continue  with  the  other  consonant  strokes  in  like  manner. 

8.  Write  each  of  the  alphabetic  strokes  in  Third  Position,  and 
alternate  their  lengths ;  thus : 

Ap,  ep,  ip,  op,  up  (P  stroke,  written  five  times,  normal  length,  in 
Third  Position)  ;  apy,  epy,  ipy,  opy,  upy  (P  stroke  lengthened,  written 
in  Third  Position,  five  times). 

Continue  in  like  manner  with  each  of  the  other  strokes. 

9.  Scientific  Shorthand  is  a  syllabic  system.  The  alphabetic  drills 
give  the  syllabic  representatives.  Writing  words  in  Scientific  Shorthand 
is  simply  a  matter  of  joining  the  syllabic  representatives. 


m 

INITIAL  SHORT  VOWEL  SOUNDS  LOCATED  BY  POSITION 

1.  Third  Position:  Where  a  perpendicular  or  inclined  stroke  is 
written  across  the  ruled  line,  or  a  horizontal  stroke  is  written  just  under 
the  ruled  line,  such  stroke,  or  the  entire  word  of  which  it  is  a  part,  is  in 
Third  Position. 

2.  The  initial  stroke  determines  the  position  of  any  shorthand  out- 
line, and  also  locates  the  first  vowel  sound  in  any  word. 

3.  A  stroke  is  written  in  Third  Position  to  show  that  a  short  vowel 
sound  immediately  precedes  it. 

v  if  _) us 


\-  up 

/        etch 

\..    ebb 

_/ edge 

-1 —  at 

Eck 

^_^      am  j^ are 

s~     ill  -^ —  away 

4.  A  Third  Position  stroke  is  lengthened  to  "show  that  a  second 
vowel  sound  follows  the  stroke. 

^_  abbey  ^    Ella  V^     Ef fie  ^==^7Z-    Emery 

-  eddy  ^_^Anna  _y    ashy  "— ^    agony 

5.  The  greater  portion  of  a  Third  Position  stroke  may  be  written 
below  the  ruled  line  to  show  that  a  long  vowel  sound  follows  the  stroke. 

-} ,  adieu  ,<\^    alive  .  i       ,  avouch        A assume 

6.  The  greater  portion  of  a  Third  Position  stroke  may  be  written 
above  the  ruled  line  to  show  that  a  short  vowel  sound  follows  the  sound 
of  the  stroke. 


elegy 


\  /O     abolish        —J—  attach  /] .  allege  /^/ 

7.     Any  Second  Position  stroke  may  be  lengthened  to  show  that  two 
successive  vowel  sounds  follow  the  sound  of  the  stroke. 

\__  pay  _X_  boa  ^—  Lee  -^- Noah 


payee 


do  ZL  Leo  — 4-  i°b 


\      boy  _  1       dewy  -**-*-  no  4^~  Joab 


EXACT  VOWEL  EXPRESSION 


1.  Initial  short  vowel  sounds  are  expressed  exactly  by  writing  the 
vowel  character  before  the  initial  stroke  (the  left  side  of  perpendicular 
and  inclined  strokes,  and  the  upper  side  of  horizontal  strokes). 


nv 


-/- 


up 
at 

odd 
etch 


'/      edge 


A 


ezz 


on 


A 


-V 


off 

ill 


J     ashy 
, Emma 


ahoy 
ahem 
awhile 
Eddie 


2.     In  words  of  two  or  more  syllables,  a  final  long  vowel  or  diphthong 
sound  is  expressed,  generally. 


review 


rupee 


T 


Buffalo 
Matthew 


=s decay 

bamboo 


purity 
tomato 


EXACT  EXPRESSION  OF  MEDIAL  AND  FINAL  VOWELS 


^z payee 

-1_     Noah 


t 


-r- 


Leo 
duel 


adieu 
avouch 

J,_  revoke 

i 

/  y  roguish 


\A       Duluth      t-  famish 


L 


tonic 


/\        retire 

boil  \^y      fuchsia 


¥ 


Y 


fowl 


^r 


rubv 


VOWEL  LOCATION  AFFORDS  ALL  NECESSARY  LEGIBILITY 

Remarks :  Because  of  the  legibility  secured  from  exact  expression  of 
consonant  and  initial  long  vowel  sounds,  and  exact  vowel  location,  it  is 
seldom  necessary  or  even  advisable  to  give  exact  expression  to  medial 
vowels,  either  long,  short,  or  diphthongal ;  nor  to  initial  or  final  short 
vowel  sounds.  Nor  does  the  advanced  stenographer  but  seldom  find  it 
necessary  to  give  exact  expression  to  final  long  vowel  sounds.  Complete 
initial  long  vowel  and  consonant  expression,  and  exact  vowel  location,  af- 
fords all  needed  legibility  in  practically  all  classes  of  words.  However, 
the  student  should  practice  vowel  writing,  until  all  needed  exactitude  and 
speed  is  secured. 

Exact  vowel  expression  seriously  retards  speed  in  writing,  and  must 
be  dispensed  with  largely,  if  not  entirely,  in  rapid  verbatim  reporting. 


23 


WRITING  EXERCISE 
Second  Position 


bayou,  b— 
bovvery,  b—ry 
burial,  b-r--l 
buyer,  b— r 
chaotic,  k— t-k 
cereal,  s-r--l 
denial,  d-n— 1 
diadem,  d--d-m 
dial,  d-1 
dialogue,  d~l-g 
diary,  d— ry 
dairy,  d-ry 
duality,  d— 1-ty 
fiery,  £— ry 
foliage,  f-1— j 
folio,  f-l~ 
fuel,  f-1 


gayety,g-ty 
jewel,  j— 1 
fosiah,  J-s— 
laity,  1 — ty 
lineage,  1-n— j 
loyally,  1 — ly 
magnolia,  m-gn-1-- 
malaria,  m-l-r— 
maniac,  m-n— k 
medially,  m-d— ly 
meteoric,  m-t— r-k 
newel,  n— 1 
notarial,  n-t-r~l 
notoriety,  n-t-r— ty 
pneumonia,  n-m-n- 
piano,  p~no 
piety,  p~ty 


radium,  r-d— m 
really,  r— ly 
reappear,  r~p-r 
re-issue,  r— shu 
royal,  r— 1 
shadowy,  sh-d-- 
shower,  sh— r 
tactual,  t-kt~l 
towage,  t— j 
towel,  t— I 
vacuity,  v-qu~ty 
variety,  v-r— ty 
viola,  v— la 
voyage,  v— j 
vowel,  v— 1 
poem,  p— m 
zodiac,  z-d--k 


WRITING  EXERCISE 
Third  Position 


aback,  -b-k 
abash,  -b-sh 
ability,  -b-l-ty 
ebony,  -b-ny 
oblong,  -bl-ng 
obloquy,  -bl-quy 
academy,  -k-d-my 
acme,  -km- 
acquire,  -qu-r 
occupy,  -qupi 
Adam,  -d-m 
admonish,  -dm-n-sh 
adore,  -d-r 
idiom,  -d~m 
affinity,  -f-n-tv 
afield,'  -f-ld 
effigy,  -f-jy 
Alabama,  -!-b-ma 
alack,  -1-k 
albino,  -lb-no 
alchemy,  -lk-my 
alibi,  -\-h\ 
allay,  -la 


Alleghany,  -1-g-ny 
aloof,  -1-f 
alpaca,  -lp-ka 
alpha,  -lfa 
appear,  -p-r 
elbow,  -lbo 
olfactory,  -lf-kt-ry 
ultimatum,  -lt-m-t-m 
among,  -m-ng 
anatomy,  -n-t-my 
anew,  -nu 
enemy,  -n-my 
epic,  -p-k 

epidemic,  -p-d-m-k 
epilogue,  -p-l-g 
opera,  -p-ra 
uphold,  -ph-ld 
equipage,  -qu-p-j 
equity,  -qu-ty 
armada,  -rm-da 
armory,  -rm-ry 
army,  -rmy 
aroma,  -r-ma 


arrow,  -ro 
early,  -rly 
ashore,  -sh-r 
aspire,  -sp-r 
assignee,  -s-ne 
assault,  -s-lt 
assay,  -sa 
assume,  -s-m 
asthma,  -sma 
asylum,  -s-l-m 
esoteric,  -s-t-r-k 
espy,  -spy 
Esquimau,  -sk-mo 
esquire,  -squ-r 
esteem,  -st-m 
Isabella,  -s-b-la 
ossify,  -s-fy 
athletic,  -thl-t-k 
atom,  -t-m 
atomic,  -t-m-k 
attire,  -t-r 
Italy,  -t-ly 
awake,  -w-k 


24 

NON-ALPHABETIC  WORD  CHARACTERS 

1.  A  few  of  the  most  common  words  are  represented  by  arbitrary, 
non-alphabetic  characters.  These  word  characters  must  be  memorized 
in  the  most  thorough  manner.  They  must  be  practiced  upon  until  they 
can  be  formed  with  the  utmost  precision  or  exactitude  with  reference 
to  their  length,  their  slant,  and  their  position.  They  should  be  formed 
not  more  than  onc-jourth  the  length  of  the  alphabetic  stroke  characters 
for  P,  or  K. 


to  a-an,  but  '——  a  »  an>  and 


\ 

of 

1 

of 

the 

- — 

of 

a-an 

V 

to 

_*, too,  two  — a^ 

_j_ the,  he,  should  _i_  before 

to  the  J*—  before  the 


2.  The  word  the  is  the  most  frequently  used  word  in  language.  It 
is  expressed  by  a  word  character — a  short  Ray,  or  short  Cha  stroke. 
It  is  joined,  generally,  to  the  stroke  that  precedes  it. 

\     pay  the  j     go  the  v  may  the 

_Ny_   by  the  ^       why  the  _.,  know  the 

I      do  the  y       if  the  I  say  the 

\      up  the  ( though  the  J  show  the 

_i ,  add  the  f~"    lay  the  -n  are  the 

3.  The  words  a,  an,  and,  may  be  represented  by  either  a  quarter- 
length  T  or  K  stroke,  where  the  brief  stroke  is  joined  initially  or  finally. 

\_     pay  a,  an  -=*-   S°  a>  an»  and  -\       are  a.  an 

/  Y 

V      by  a,  an  why  a,  an  J       show  a,  an 

L        do  a,  an  -X     -  if  a,  an  /"V^    leave  a 

_i add  a,  an  V,  -  view  a,  an  1  take  r 


a.  an 


THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

1.  In  several  installments,  we  give  a  list  of  what  is  claimed  to  be  the 
One  Thousand  Most  Frequently  Used  Words. 

2.  We  most  earnestly  advise  that  these  one  thousand  words  be  writ- 
ten and  rewritten  until  speed  and  accuracy  is  attained. 

First  Installment. 


add 

belong 

duty 

judge 

money 

share 

affair 

beg 

early 

July 

move 

she 

ago 

both 

escape 

keep 

name 

ship 

alike 

body 

fail 

lady 

know 

show 

allege 

buy 

fair 

lake 

now 

sorry 

allow 

came 

family 

lay 

occupy 

take 

already 

carry 

few 

leave 

off 

teach 

although 

cash 

field 

ledge 

or 

they 

am 

catch 

fifth 

life 

page 

though 

among 

check 

file 

like 

pair 

time 

appeal 

copy 

five 

live 

pay 

tire 

appear 

dash 

feel 

look 

power 

to-day 

are 

deal 

follow 

love 

push 

to-morrow 

assume 

day 

game 

mail 

reach 

took 

athletic 

death 

gave 

make 

ready 

up 

avenue 

deep 

hold 

many 

really 

us 

baby 

delay 

hope 

marriage 

i  repair 

who 

back 

door 

if 

may 

require 

wholly 

became 

duly 

it 

me 

say 

why 

CONTRACTIONS. 

3.  Pages  27  and  35  present  lists  of  words  represented  by  a  partial 
writing  thereof;  thus:  abou  (-b-)  for  about;  aqui  (-qu-)  for  acquire; 
apoi  (-p-)  for  appoint;  ob  (-b)  for  object;  ich  (-ch)  for  zvhich;  sha 
(sh-)  for  shall;  espe  (-sp-)   for  cspecial-ly,  etc. 

4.  It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  all  contractions  given  in  this 
work  be  analyzed  (a)  as  to  their  phonic  representation;  (b)  that  they 
be  written  correctly  as  to  length  and  position;  (c)  that  great  rapidity  be 
attained  in  writing  and  reading  them,  and  (d)  that  they  be  used  in  all 
reporting.  Although  they  may  be  dispensed  with  entirely,  yet  wisdom 
and  experience  dictate  that  they  be  employed  rather  than  the  completely 
written  outline,  thereby  insuring  a  much  greater  speed  in  writing  than 
could  be  attained  without  their  use. 

5.  Ly  and  ed,  in  words  of  two  or  more  syllables  may  be  omitted, 
generally.  Thus,  the  outlines  for  especial,  regular,  irregular,  represent 
also  especially,  regularly,  irregularly;  and  the  outlines  for  question,  ac- 
quire, number,  publish,  astonish,  manufacture,  represent,  acknowledge \ 
etc.,  express  also  the  past  tense  form  of  thoce  verbs. 


26 


THE  VOWEL  STROKES 

1.  An  initial  long  vowel  or  diphthong  sound  must  be  exactly  ex- 
pressed. 

2.  The  vowel  strokes  are  distinguished  from  the  similar  consonant 
strokes  entirely  by  Position.  The  vowel  strokes  are  used  initially  only, 
and  always  in  First  Position.    They  are  as  follows : 


V_ 


.A 
E 
I 


) 


y 


o 
u 

Oo 


( 


Oi,  oy  as  in  oil 
Ou  ow,  as  in  out 
Au.  aw,  as  in  audit 


ILLUSTRATIONS 

^-/      Omaha 
odium 
owly 


^O 


aureola 


W 


{ opaque 

22^L   Oolong 


27 
THE  VOWEL  STROKES  CONTINUED 
1.     The  vowel  strokes  are  shaded  to  add  R. 
S      air  °'er  .    our  S heirship 


ear 


J       your  /__   hourly  v/"  heirloom 


w     ire  ^_   oyer  ^       Irish  ^ air  pump 

2.  The  strokes  E,  I,  U,  Au  and  Ou,  are  formed  half  length  to  add 
T  or  D. 

3.  The  strokes  E,  I  and  U,  are- modified  by  a  small  initial  hook  to 
add  N.  Any  vowel  stroke,  modified  by  an  initial  hook,  expresses  the 
short  vowel  sound . 

m  anv  ! — unto  end 


4.  The  En  stroke,  shortened  and  shaded,  expresses  exactly  the  pre- 
fixes enter,  pnder;  the  In  stroke,  shortened  and  shaded,  expresses  inter, 
indor;  and  the  Un  stroke,  shortened  and  shaded,  expresses  the  prefix 
under . 


^  ^  J 


.enter  inter  under  V — interview 


—  under  v^_  in! 


5.  The  I  stroke,  modified  by  a  large  initial  hook,  expresses  I  am;  and 
formed  as  a  semi-ellipse,  opening  upward,  expresses  /  will.  (See  page 
28,  column  1.) 

CONTRACTIONS 

1.  A  few  of  the  most  frequently  used  words  are  represented  by  a 
partial  writing  thereof. 

2.  The  words  given  below,  separated  by  the  comma,  are  expressed 
by  a  common  outline,  and  they  are  differentiated  by  the  context 


-about  _j had  J    shall  ) 


was 


_>y_  acquire-d        _jl_  have  — L — that,  them        /_  which,  much 

-^—appoint  ^-v  may  be    .        I    ,  thing,  think who,  whom 

•^=- can,  company_\_publish-ed   .  /  their,  there       ^   will 

/                                 \  public 
-   /  -  change-d        _Zl_  question-ed— ^_  to  be  / without 


28 


SENTENCE  WRITING. 


C 


±3_ 


J2. 

i2L 


3 


J_ 


am 


:i 


am  to  be        

am  to  do        J^_ 


am  to  have    L 


will  say 

will  know 
will  have 

do 
had 

may 

may  be 
may  do 
may  have 
may  show 
may  go 
may  say 

can 
can  be 
can  do 
can  have 
can  take 
think 

know 
take 
make 


^1 


n 


He  may 
He  may  be 


_  He  may  go 
_  He  may  do 


_  He  may  take 
_  He  may  have 
_  He  can 
_  He  can  be 
__  He  can  do 


He  can  have 


/ — She  may 

She  may  be 
She  may  go 
She  may  do 
She  may  have 
She  shall 
J It  may 

l  It  may  be 

It  may  do 
It  may  go 
It  may  have 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING. 


29 


U. 


__  Who  may 

Who  may  be 
_Who  may  do 
_Who  may  have 


/\  Which  may 

/•         Which  may  be 

/ Which  may  do 

1 Which  may  have 

/ Which  may  go 

; Who  can 

_Who  can  do 


Who  can  be 

— v  Who  can  have 

IS  Who  shall 

^\  Who  shall  be 

^j  Who  shall  do 

^V  Who  shall  have 

^C— ^  There  may 

/^^  There  may  be 

y  There  can  be 

/  l  There  had 


_^rl_  Am  I 

^~C~^  May  I 

y^  Shall  I 

^-^  Will  I 

"  Can  I 

1   w  Do  I 

^^     If  I 
i^^       Have  I 

^=^z_ May  he 

1 —  Can  he 

_^^_Will  he 

^A Shall  he 

^-^  y   May  she 

/     Can  she 

^J  Will  she 
J  .  Shall  she 
- — - 1       May  it 


1       C*"  it 

7n_Will  it 
^\      Shall  it 
I   I         Do  it 


-V  By  the 
1       Have  the 
J_  Shall  the 
_L_  Had  the 
^  Will  the 
I      Do  the 
/     Which  the 


/ 


Who  the 

Why  the 

Publish  the 

/    Change  the 

_C_  Think  the 

(     Without  the 

_C_ That  the 

)     Saw  the 
jL_Was  the 

-s     Are  the 


""Y  Question  the 
~x    Acquire  the 
Appoint  the 
About  the 


30 

ALPHABETIC  PRACTICE  DRILL 

1.  Read  par.  1,  page  31,  then  write: 

Spay,  spee,  spy,  spoe,  spew,  spoy,  spow,  spaw,  spoo;  spray,  spree,  spry, 
spro,  sprew,  sproy,  sprow,  spraw,  sproo;  stay,  stee,  sty,  stovve,  stew,  stoy, 
stow,  staw,  stoo ;  stray,  stree,  stry,  strow,  strew,  stroy,  strow,  straw,  stroo ; 
skay,  skee,  sky,  sko,  skew,  skoy,  skow,  skaw,  skoo;  skray,  skree,  skry, 
skro,  skrew,  skroy,  skrow,  skraw,  skroo;  slay,  slee,  sly,  slow,  slew,  sloy, 
slow,  slaw,  sloo;  smee,  smy,  smo,  smew,  smoy,  smow,  smaw,  smoo ;  snay, 
snee,  sny,  snow,  snew,  snoy,  snow,  snaw,  snoo;  sway,  swee,  swy,  swo, 
sweu,  swoy,  swow,  swaw,  swoo;  squa,  sque,  squi,  squo,  sqaw. 

2.  Read  par.  3,  page  31,  then  write: 

Sap,  sep,  sip,  sop,  sup ;  sab,  seb,  sib,  sob,  sub ;  sat,  set,  sit,  sot,  sut ; 
sad,  sed,  sid,  sod,  sud;  sach,  sech,  sich,  soch,  such;  saj,  sej,  sij,  soj,  suj ; 
sack,  seek,  sick,  sock,  suck ;  sag,  seg,  sig,  sog,  sug ;  sar,  ser,  sir,  sor,  sur 
(curved  R  only);  saf,  sef,  sif,  sof,  suf;  sav,  sev,  siv,  sov,  suv;  sath, 
seth,  sith,  soth,  suth;  sal,  sel,  sil,  sol,  sul;  sam,  sem,  sim,  som,  sum; 
samp,  semp,  simp,  somp,  sump ;  san,  sen,  sin,  son,  sun ;  sang,  seng,  sing, 
song,  sung;  sash,  sesh,  sish,  sosh,  sush  (down  Sh  only). 

CONSONANT  STROKES  IN  ALL  POSITIONS 


3.  The  alphabetic  strokes  given  above  are  to  be  written  as  word 
outlines  for  all  the  words  for  which  they  form  the  consonant  outline. 

Thus,  P  stroke,  Second  Position,  is  to  be  pronounced  pay,  pea,  pie,  poc, 
pew,  poy,  pow,  paw,  pa,  pe,  pi,  po,  pu,  poo;  lengthened  P  stroke,  payee, 
pyee,  poee,  pezvee;  P  stroke,  First  Position,  spay,  spee,  spy,  spoe,  spew, 
spoy,  spow,  spa,  spe,  spi,  spo,  spu;  P  stroke,  Third  Position,  ap,  ep, 
ip,  op,  ap:  lengthened  P  stroke  Third  Position  apy,  epy,  ipy,  opy,  upy: 
P  stroke,  Fourth  Position,  sap,  sep,  sip,  sop,  sup. 

This  practice  is  the  shortest,  quickest,  and  surest  road  to  a  success- 
ful mastery  of  the  system,  with  its  grand  scheme  of  vowel  location. 


31 


INITIAL  S  AND   S-  EXPRESSED   BY   POSITIONS 


1.  Any  consonant  stroke  may  be  written  in  First  Position  to  ex- 
press the  sound  of  S  immediately  before  the  sound  of  the  consonant 
stroke  thus  written.  Such  strokes  are  shaded  to  add  the  sound  of  R. 
Spr-,  Str-,  Scr-,  take  the  forms  of  B,  D  and  G  strokes  respectively. 
Words  do  not  begin  with  Sb,  Sd,  or  Sg;  therefore,  the  B  stroke  in  First 
Position  may  be  used  to  express  Spr-;  the  D  stroke  to  express  Str-; 
and  the  G  stroke  to  express  Scr-. 

2.  Strokes  M  and  N,  written  in  First  Position  to  express  Sm-  and 
Sn-  respectively,  must  be  lengthened  so  as  to  differentiate  them  from 
the  vowels  E  and  I. 


\ 


\ 


spy 

spry 

stay 

stray 

sky 


^  stony 

i — -  steam 

I— ^  stream 

' —  strike 


sweep 


V     ,  squab 


squire 


V 


screw 

'  slav 


story 
skim 


scream 


if        squally 
«f  '     swallow 


V     swear 
S\   slip 


■> 


sway 


\    scrape  ^>    slab 


V        isle 


3.  Any  consonant  stroke  may  be  written  in  Fourth  Position;  that  is, 
just  under  the  base  line — horizontal  strokes  about  one-eighth  inch  below 
the  ruled  line — to  express  the  sound  of  sa,  se,  si,  so,  su  (the  vowels  hav- 
ing the  short  sound),  immediately  before  the  sound  of  the  stroke  thus 
written. 

4.  The  horizontal  strokes — M,  N,  K,  G — may  be  lengthened  in 
Fourth  Position  to  imply  a  vowel  sound  following,  as  in  the  words  sanity, 
sanitary,  sagacious,  sagacity,  saccharine,  similar,  senate,  etc. 


\ 

sap 

/ 

seag 

\ 

sob 

' 

.sick 

1 — 

sit 

sag 

sad 

sin 

32 

MEDIAL  AND  FINAL  S  OR  Z  EXPRESSED  BY  A  CIRCLE 

1.  A  small  medial  or  final  circle,  termed  S  circle,  expresses  the 
sound  of  S  or  Z  not  followed  by  a  vowel  sound.  Final  S  circle  is  formed 
on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch,  J,  H  and  Whr  on  the  upper 
side  of  K,  G,  Ray  and  Ou  (anti-clockwise),  and  on  the  concave  side  of 
all  curved  strokes. 


\, 

pose 

_^_ 

-.  face 

%, 

spys 

T 

eels 

\, 

base 

V* 

vase 

\> 

sprays 

^t 

snails 

I 

ties 

C 

those 

L 

stays 

Y 

aisles 

I 

does 

f 

laws 

I 

strews 

±- 

ails 

I 

choose 

^~h 

mice 

— ° 

skys 

r\, 

sleeps 

/ 

jaws 

--P 

news 

—* 

screws 

x, 

saps 

_* 

case 

~^ 

ways 

r 

slays 

L 

sets 

e_ 

_  goes 

_^__ 

_  quizz 

"^ 

sways 

sells 

I 

rise 
hews 

J 
J 

shows 
yeas 

1 
V 

squeeze 
stories 

sieves 
sacks 

2.  Final  S  circle  is  continued  across  the  stroke  to  add  T  or  D  not 
followed  by  a  vowel  sound.  T  stroke  must  be  used  when  a  vowel  sound 
follows  it.  St,  final,  implies  a  vowel  sound  preceding.  Therefore, 
strokes  followed  by  -st  need  not  be  lengthened  to  show  a  vowel  follow- 
ing, but  they  may  be  lengthened  to  show  whether  the  vowel  following 
has  the  long  or  short  sound,  or  to  indicate  that  the  accented  vowel  follows 
the  lengthened  stroke. 


^ 


*T 


past 
pasty 
_  \*__  best 

V        bestow 
_  ta.'te 
testv 


1 


dust 

dusty 

gust 

gusty 

rust 

rustv 


ZL 


n 


7^ 


lust 

lusty 

must 

musty 

dullest 

duelist 


V 


I" 
"ST 


_  ebbest 
_  oddest 
_  adduced 
_  aghast 
_  saddest 
_  sobbest 


33 


MEDIAL  AND  FINAL  S  OR  Z  EXPRESSED  BY  A  CIRCLE 


1.     Medial  S  circle,  between  a  curved  stroke  and  a  straight  one,  is 
written  on  the  concave  side  of  the  curved  stroke. 


Fisk's 
masks 


/""X,  Hsps 
wasps 


^7 


jmysterfes 
^mysterious 


2.  Medial  S  circle  between  straight  strokes,  drawn  in  different  di- 
rections, is  written  outside  the  smaller  angle;  and  between  straight 
strokes,  drawn  in  the  same  direction,  it  is  formed  according  to  the  di- 
rections for  final  S  circle . 

J — o     tasks 

—*     gasps 

hasty 

1 dusty 

I 

3.  Words  of  two  or  more  syllables  beginning  with  S  followed  by  a 
short  vowel  sound,  are  written  in  Third  Position,  and  the  initial  S  is 
expressed  by  the  S  circle . 

'\ sappy 

Jf city 

.^l salify 

.satire 


^ 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

B-ro,  d-ly,  s-da,  m-ny,  n-dy,  f-ly,  f-lo,  p-ty,  p— ty,  j-b,  J— b,  y-lo,  r-th, 
r-the,  Sh-k-go,  Ch-t-n-g-,  W-n-p-g,  G-th-m,  d-l-m-,  p-n-k,  d-m-j,  t-m-to, 
v-l-fy,  v-r-ly,  n-t-r— ty,  h-m-ny,  r-v-k,  s-sh-ly,  b-g-my,  f-th-m,  S-b-r— , 
ch-r-ty,  v-kt-ry,  V-kt-r— ,  m-m-th,  r-f-ree,  P-n-ma,  B-l-v--,  t-m-thy,  1-t-ry, 
r-b-rv,  B-v-r— ,  b-t-ny,  r-chly,  p-l-g-my,  v-n-la,  L-b-r— ,  Qu-b-k,  t-p-k, 
n-th-ng,  t-l-p,  Om-ga,  M— b,  p-r-ty,  v-qu— m,  K-n-b-k,  v-l-d-ty,  b-l-d-na, 
iJ-l-sh,  sh-pr-k,  -p-ra,  t-m-d-ty,  d-thl-k,  1-v-t-ry,  1-d-l-k,  h-m-d-ty, 
m-r— t-k,  -t-k,  t-k. 


34 


USES  OF  THE  C  CIRCLE 

1.  The  S-Z  circle  is  enlarged  to  show  that  a  vowel  sound  follows 
the  sound  of  S  or  Z.  This  larger  circle  is  termed  the  C  circle.  Medial  and 
final  C  circle  conforms  to  all  the  rules  that  apply  to  the  S  circle,  as  to 
direction  in  its  formation . 


^o posy 

No      busy 
Ng>    busiest 


.hazy 


H lazy 

/        rosiest 


Ac — fussy 
^~o — mussy 
-wP noisy 


cheesy 
-juciest 
-wheezy 


2.  A  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  the  sound  of  any  stroke  to  which 
C  circle  is  joined  initially  or  medially;  but,  any  stroke  following  medial 
C  circle  may  be  lengthened  to  show  that  a  vowel    sound    follows    it. 


^ 


^t 


beset 

bestow 

opposite 

T 

I dusty 

h  deceit 
y\   reside 

y\      residue 


A    receipt 
A     rusty 
^-v__  mask 


music 


\o  y  poison 
\q_,  fasten 
^„    listen 


nuisance 


3.  Initial  C  circle  joined  to  a  consonant  stroke  written  in  Second 
Position,  shows  a  long  vowel  or  diphthong  sound  immediately  after  the 
sound  of  S."  A  vowel  sound  is  not  indicated,  however,  after  the  stroke ; 
but,  a  second  vowel  sound  may  be  shown  by  using  the  S  stroke  initially. 


^ soap 

) soapy 

rt— ^    seem 
)-^    seamy 


^L 


J/ 


seed 
.  seedy 
sore 
sorry 


V  safe 
)        sofa 

_dd_sail 

V  silo 


0^    seen 
L^    Sinai 

L 


suit 


sooty 


35 


THE  SES  CIRCLE 

1.  The  C  circle  is  enlarged  to  express  the  syllables  ses,  sis,  sus,  ces, 
zes,  etc.  This  largest  circle  is  termed  the  Ses  circle.  It  is  seldom  em- 
ployed initially  or  medially.  It  is  continued  across  the  stroke  to  add  final 
T  or  D.  The  C  and  Ses  circles  may  be  dotted  to  show  the  sound  of  N 
preceding . 


\q     possess 
\q_  possesses 
abscess 

. abuses 

J^ doses 


V 


offices 


\Q. 


vases 


/O  molasses 
Q    recesses 
necessity 
necessary 
possessive 


Njq   possessed 
obsessed 


f 


^ 


-^je- 
CP    resist 

^     desist 

<^P  insist 

\~    fancy 


Ko  fences 

V  offences 

"7^  winces 

7^  quinces 

/O  lances 

J[  rancid 


2.     The  C  and  Ses  circles  may  be  shaded  to  add  R 


no,  sir 


-c;z^- 


answer 


^_P 


sincere 


J£_ 


necessary 


3.     The  R  and  Ray  strokes  should  be  used  where  a  facile  outline  is 
formed . 


J_Z\.  lesser 


V 


baser 


A 


denser 


.act 


^__r_along,  long 
language 
|  almighty 

1       altogether 

another 

/      advantage 


CONTRACTIONS 

between     ^ her 

-1— defendant  ^ ^ — hirm  number 

<=^-  engage-d  ^ — -  irregular-ly 


^L 


.cancer 

-object 
-party 
_quit,  quite 


\ 


especial 
establish 
fact 
God,  good 


/ 


gentleman, 

large 

manufacture-d 


acknowledge  - 

\ astonish-ed     .  \    happy 


T 


/\     represent 
/        regular 
.  memoranda-um  I  together 

.  month  A       when 

wish-ed 


nothing 


^ 


36 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  PRECEDING  PRINCIPLES 


^ 


TV 


Acquiesce,  -</-  -J 
Solvency,  s-'v-usy 
Gazetteer,  g-s-t-r 
Series,  s-r-s 
Serious,  s-r-  -s 
Accuracy,  -qu-r-sy 
Eulogy,  ul-gy 
Felicity,  f-l-s-ty 
Stabilize,  st-b-l-z 
Vicinity,  v-s-n-ty 
Security,  s-qu-r-ty 
Eraser,  er-s-r 
Suppose,  s-p-s 
Dishonest,  d-s-n-st 
Buxom,  b-ks-m 
Rescue,  r-squ- 
Noxious,  n-ksh-s 
Renewals,  r-n-  -Is 
Duodecimo,  d-  -d-s-mo 


X? 


^ 


Subrosa,  s-br-s- 
_  Usury,  usy-ry 
Egotism,  eg-t-sm 

\j Audacious,  aud-sh-s 

__^ Capsize,  k-psis 

ka a .Fisk's,  f-sks 

^3 — .Physic,  f-s-k 

jL Safety,  s-fty 

s-iC7 Mucilage,  m-s-l-j 

-L — ! Citizen,  s-t-s-n 

Spurious,  sp-r-  -s 

Systematic,  s-st-m-t-k 


-.Sagacious,  s-g-sh-s 

^     A —Civics,  s-v-ks 

v.  (J — -^.Facsimile,  f-ks-m-l- 

.  Alias,  al-  -s 

Elasticity,  el-st-s-ty 

Facility,  f-s-l-ty 

\^Cr  Necessary,  n-ses-ry 


i^3 


Note :  Final  "shus"  may  be  expressed  by  sh-s  written  either  up- 
ward or  downward,  because  a  vowel  sound  must  intervene.  (See  nox- 
ious, audacious). 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


37 


acquiesce,  -qu-  -s 
deceit,  d-s-t 
reason,  r-s-n 
solvency,  s-h-nsy 
disbelief,  d-sb-l-f 
facile,  f-s-l 
opposite,  -p-s-t 
squeaks,  sq-ks 
copyist,  k-p-  -st 
paradise,  p-r-d-s 
gazetteer,  g-s-t-r 
serious,  s-r-  -s 
despairs,  d-sp-rs 

amass,  -m-s 
accuracy,  -qu-r-sy 
harass,  h-r-s 
desperado,  d-sp-r-do 
pacify,   p-s-fy 
squeal,   squ-l 
eulogy,  ul-jy 
politics,  p-l-t-ks 
felicity,  f-I-s-ty 
receive,  r-s-v 
fasten,  f-s-n 
stabilize,  st-b-l-s 
vicinity,   v-s-n-ty 
modesty,  m-d-sty 
cashier,  k-sh-r 

delicacy,  d-l-k-sy 
eraser,  er-s-r 
abusive,  -b-s-v 
salary,  s-l-ry 
folio,  f-l-o 
dishonest,  d-s-n-st 
mischievous,  m-sch-v-s 
facsimile,  f-ks-m-l- 
rescue,  r-squ- 
dismiss,  d-sm-s 
novice,  n-v-s 
monopolist,  m-n-p-l-st 
syntax,  s-nt-ks 
message,  tn-s-j 
mucilage,  m-s-l-j 


noxious,  n-ksh-s 
receipt,  r-s-t 
deceive,  d-s-v 
bituminous,  b-t-m-n-s 
facade,  f-s-d 
renewals,  r-n-  -Is 
hideous,  h-d-  -s 
series,  s-r-s 
audacity,  aud-s-ty 
nullify,  n-l-fy 
capsize,  k-psis 
fierce,  f-rs 
ratio,  r-sh-o 

obvious,  -bv-  -s 
maximum,   m-ks-m-m 
garrison,  g-r-s-n 
efface,  -f-s 
bias,  b-  -s 

avaricious,  -v-r-sh-s 
historic,  h-st-r-k 
revenues,  r-v-n-s 
hypnotism,  h-pn-t-sm 
cautious,  k-sh-s 
scheme,  sk-m 
justice,  j-st-s 
gallows,  g-l-s 
resolve,  r-s-lv 
testimony,  t-st-m-ny 

omnibus,  -mn-b-s 
focus,  f-k-s 
edifice,  -d-f-s 
average,  -v-r-j 
basin,  b-s-n 
dispatch,  d-sp-ch 
rhetorics,  r-t-r-ks 
besiege,  b-s-j 
batiste,  b-t-st 
majesty,  m-j-sty 
isthmus,  -srn-s 
mohair,  m-h-r 
snowball,  sn-b-l 
scrutiny,  skr-i-ny 
sagacity,  s-g-s-ty 


elicit,  cl-s-t 
sanitary,  s-n-t-ry 
espousal,  -sp-s-l 
radius,  r-d-  -s 
asbestos,  -sb-st-s 
fallacy,  f-l-sy 
custody,  k-st-dy 
depose,  d-p-s 
digest,  d-j-st 
whistle,  wh-s-l 
terrace,  t-r-s 
caboose,  k-b-s 
peevish,  p-v-sh 

barrier,  b-r-  -r 
icy,  isy 
faucet,  f-s-t 
chaos,  k-  -s 
raisins,  r-s-ns 
kerosene,  k-r-s-n 
tactics,  t-kt-ks 
tabasco,  t-b-sko 
policy,  p-l-sy 
accuse,  -qn-s 
domicile,  d-m-s-l 
disobey,  d-s-b- 
legacy,  l-g-sy 
ellipse,  -l-ps 
disguise,  d-sg-s 

humorous,  h-m-r-s 
velocity,  v-l-s-ty 
dozen,  d-s-n 
palaces,  p-l-s-s 
refusal,  r- f-s-l 
telescope,  t-l-sk-p 
vivacious,  v-v-sh-s 
bequeathes,   b-qu-ths 
kinetoscope,  k-n-t-sk-p 
Chesapeake,  Ch-s-p-k 
security,  s-qu-r-ty 
tacit,  t-s-t 
thistle,  th-s-l 
asterisk,  -st-r-sk 
sterilize,  st-r-l-s 


448624 


38 


THE  USES  OF  STROKE  W,  AND  OF  BRIEF  W 

1.     The  W  stroke  is  used  initially  in  words  of  two  or  more  syllables, 
where  the  second  syllable  is  expressed  by  a  stroke. 


^V\  wallop 
~\y  wiry 


^ 


waggy 
widow 


2.     The  W  stroke,  used  medially  and  finally,  is  dotted  to  distinguish 
it  from  the  curved  R  stroke. 


\.      byway 
f        \  leeway 


pathway 


^highway 


bailiwick 
runaway 


AZ_t— -  periwig 
/\  caraway 


3.  The  consonant  W  is  expressed  also  by  either  of  two  small  semi- 
circles, opening  to  the  right  or  to  the  left.  These  brief  W  characters 
must  be  joined  to  the  first  consonant  stroke  in  the  word.  The  brief  W 
opening  to  the  right  joins  best  on  all  strokes  except  the  horizontal  ones — 
K,  G,  M,  Mp,  Nand  Ng. 


^ 


^V 


.weep 
web 


1 


webs 


J wait 


.witty 
wade 


I 


.wages 
wakes 


A^ 


-J- 


waves 


wish 


T 


Wit 


Jj weds 

J       witches 
J_ wage 


4.  A  study  of  above  illustrations  shows  that  brief  W  is  used  as 
follows : 

(a)  In  words  of  one  syllable,  which  contain  a  consonant  stroke. 

(b)  In  words  of  two  or  more  syllables  where  the  second  syllable 
is  not  expressed  by  a  stroke,  or  need  not  be  so  expressed,  as  in  wages, 
witches,  waggest,  because  a  vowel  sound  is  forced  in  before  the  sound 
of  final  S  or  St. 

5.  Words  using  the  brief  W  are  written  in  Second  Position  to 
show  that  a  long  vowel  sound  immediately  follows  the  sound  of  brief 
W;  and  they  are  written  in  Third  Position  to  show  that  a  short  vowel 
sound  immediately  follows  the  sound  of  brief  W.  Thus,  the  words 
wait,  weep,  wide,  wages  require  brief  W  and  Second  Position ;  the 
words  web,  weds,  wag,  wit,  require  brief  W  and  Third  Position,  and  the 
words  webby,  witty,  willow,  wiry,  require  the  use  of  stroke  W. 


39 


USES  OF  BRIEF  W  AND  Y 

1.     The  brief  W  is  formed  as  an  initial  hook  on  strokes  L  and  Ray, 
and  the  hook  shaded  expresses  Wh- . 


£L 


^- 


wail 
.well 


<f~    while 
^1 


wire 


c/^ — where  g-^i — whereto 

f//^\-  whereby       t/\ — whereat 


2.  The  brief  Y  is  either  of  two  small  semi-circles  opening  upward 
or  downward.  They  must  be  joined  angularly  to  the  consonant  stroke 
that  follows.  The  brief  Y  that  opens  upward  joins  best  on  all  the  strokes 
except  Ray,  Lay,  M  and  Mp. 

3.  All  the  rules  above  given  for  the  uses  of  stroke  W  initial,  apply 
to  the  uses  of  stroke  Y ;  and  all  the  rules  for  the  uses  of  brief  W  apply 
to  the  uses  of  brief  Y. 


^V 


yacht 

.yap 

yoke 


.yeg 

young 
yam 


rS    yore 


WRITING  EXERCISE 

4.  The  italicized  words  below  are  represented  by  contractions  given 
on  pages  27  and  35 :     „ 

I  am  the  party  he  saw  there  at  that  time.  They  have  too  many  of 
them  already.  I  shall  appoint  him  judge.  I  hope  she  will  be  happy  in  her 
new  home.  The  defendant  may  ask  the  gentleman  a  question.  God  Al- 
mighty hath  power.  I  was  astonished  at  the  gentleman,  especially  when 
he  quit  the  store  quite  haughtily.  The  public  will  object  to  all  they  say 
about  it.  Nothing  will  be  published  before  the  end  of  the  month.  It 
may  be  he  whom  I  saw  at  the  show.  It  will  take  a  long  time  to  acquire 
much  of  their  territory.  A  large  number  of  them  have  to  be  changed. 
They,  who  think  and  act  together,  have  the  advantage.  She  can  go  along 
without  him.  It  was  manufactured  by  another  company.  They  num- 
bered altogether  about  fifty.  I  wish  I  had  a  memorandum  book.  I  am 
engaged  now,  but  I  shall  be  there  at  the  regular  time.  I  acknowledge  the 
fact  that  it  may  be  a  good  thing  to  have  the  company  represented  there. 
An  irregular  object  lay  in  the  path  between  them.  Why  should  their 
language  be  so  odd?     Which  will  they  have? 


40 


NON-ALPHABETIC  WORD  CHARACTERS 


we,  with 
were,  whether 


one,  once 


what 


,ould 


to  what 


you 


ye,  yet 


you,  young.    u     I  will 


year-s 


to  vou 


1.  A  brief  W  word  may  be  enlarged  to  add  any  other  brief  W  word. 
The  brief  Y,  opening  downward,  is  enlarged  to  express  you  were;  and 
opening  upward  to  express  you  would. 

2.  The  words  with  and  were  may  be  enlarged,  and  inclined  in  the 
direction  of  Ray,  to  add  the  word  you;  and  the  words  what  and  would 
may  be  enlarged  and  inclined  in  the  direction  of  Cha  to  add  the  word 
you. 


_5: we  were,  we  would 

_C were  we,  whether  we 

one  would,  one  were 


~C 


what  were,  what  would 


Z)     would  we 

to  what  would 
^     you  were 
w     you  would 


.  with  you 

q  _  were  you 

'      what  you 

O      would  you 


^s^ 


O 


SENTENCE  WRITING 


V" 


^v 


x   C 


U  r^ 


_rt ^^ 


CL^* 


x     L/ 


O 


Vr 


_A_ 


\^ 


u^JL; 


c    o 


'j^L 


~1  ' 

1.  We  have  seen  them.  We  are  to  be  there  with  you.  I  know  we 
were  to  go  with  you.  We  shall  take  what  we  must  have.  I  will  give 
it  to  you. 

2.  One  would  think  so.  Were  we  to  do  so  today  ?  We  would  like  to 
know  all  about  this.  You  were  there,  were  you?  You  and  I  must  go 
there  soon. 

3.  You  would  do  that,  would  you  ?  You  would  have  about  all  you 
desire.  Were  you  at  the  party  last  week  ?  I  was  there,  and  so  were  you 
also. 


41 

ADDING  -R   BY  HALF-LENGTHENING   STROKES 

1.     All  the  strokes  of  the  alphabet  except  M,  Mp,  N  and  Ng,  may  be 
formed  half-length  to  add  R  and  a  preceding  short  vowel  sound. 


^V_  barley  *— 3    letter  L     Thursday 


v offer 

_W farther  Li  dollar suffer 


CONTRACTIONS 

2.  A  half-length  M  stroke  expresses  might;  a  half-length  N  stroke 
expresses  not,  and  a  half-length  K  stroke  expresses  could. 

-V-  after  ^      ever,  every  _r     particular  — 1 toward,  truly 

___  care,  could  _^ for,  form     ,  \  .   re-member  -A» very 

)     certain  <sa    might  ..  ^    numbered  -V—  Very  truly 

consider      _^^_  not  .  several  J       yours 

I      Dear  Sir        «       opportunity  _i_     they  are  cJ        Yours  truly 

MISCELLANEOUS  PRINCIPLES 

3.  Un  before  W  may  be  expressed  by  N  stroke  in  Third  Position . 

^/unaware  unwifely    ^_f\       unwieldy  .  unwavering 

unworthy  unweave         S~~^~/  unwilling  ./^unwell 


4.     Ing,  final,  may  be  expressed  by  a  dot  written  at  the  end  of  the 
stroke  preceding,  and  ings  by  a  circle  so  written. 

|    doing  /\^  loving  J      showing         /\  reaping 


doings  )       sayings  y\     ravings      •      , 


offerings 


5.  After  circles,  hooks  and  loops,  the  syllables  -nt,  cnt,  may  be  ex- 
pressed by  a  half-length  N  stroke;  and  -nd,  end  by  half  length  N  stroke 
shaded . 

/        recent  \^,    decent  V^,    fastened       _{^_  thousand 

X**^    rescind  \^    descend  ^      lessened        ^J~_ hastened 


42 


SENTENCE  WRITING 


*       *V    I  must  be 
*\      I  must  do 

• a —  I  must  go 

I  must  say 
I  mi  slit 


\ 


She  must  be 
She  must  do 
She  must  go 


^s 


I  might  be 


"T 


He  could  do 
He  can  see 


yL  She  might  be 

J . „  She  may  be 

J-  She  might  go 

/_  She  may  go 

J  She  might  have 

/  She  may  have 


/—&      She  may  see 
/  She  can  do 

/_"       She  could  do 
J  She  can  have 

J  She  could  have 

/  She  should  be 

_She  should  do 
_She  should  have 
He  should  be 
He  should  do 
He  should  have 


-t 


) 


^ 


XT 


I  would  be 
I  would  do 
I  would  go 
I  would  have 
I  would  say 
He  would  be 
He  would  do 
He  would  go 
He  would  have 
He  would  know 


J She  would  be 

J She  would  do 

J        She  would  go 

J She  would  know 

She  would  say 


4 


4r 


7 She  would  have 

~t  would  be 


t 


^r 


1 


t 


At 


He  should  know 


% 


t  would  do 
t  would  go 
t  would  have 
t  would  know 


SENTENCE  WRITING 


43 


■~r 


~T 


We  may 
We   may   be 
We  may  do 
We  may  go 
We  may  have 
We  may  see 


c We  can 

c  We  can  be 

We  can   do 
We  can  have 
We  can  see 
.We  must 
We  must  be 


^=\ 


^r 


We  must  go. 
We  must  do 


_We  must  have 
We  might 


c   ,~^      We  might  be 
c  —       We  might  go 
2_jCJ_We  might  do 


JL- We  could 

c  We  could  be 

.  We  could  do 


2. 


T 


We  could  have 


•i 


We  shall 

not 

We  shall  not 

be 

We  shall 

not 

do 

We  shall 

not 

go 


We  should  be       ^7      We  shall  not 

Tv  have 

We  should   do    _] We  do 


At 


We  should  hav 
We  should  not 


,re    h 


We  do  see 
We  had 


c^-\    Wre  should  not   _i We  had  the 

be  c 

cx^.      We  should  not  |\     We  had  to  be 

have 

c^~i      We  should  not   J We  had  to  go 

■^  do 

_^_ We  have 


^ 


We  have  to  do 


^  1    We  had  to  do 

S  ■    We  had  to 
have 


A    We  might  have        7 


We  have  to  be  f     We  will 

L We  have  to  go     S\  We  will  be 

J      We  shall  _Z]_We  will  do 

J We  shall  be  S\  We  will  have 

Z_We  shall  go  f°    We  will  see 

) We  shall  do  f)    We  will  say 

^    We  shall  know      ^7   We  will  show 

We  shall  have  _/L_We  will  take 


44 


c 


c 


"gr 


-e- 


-v 


QJL 


1 


CONTRACTIONS 

/-xT'  Myself 
C     Thyself 
x-  Himself 
~y  Herself 
I       Ttself 
^Themselves 
Ac  Ourselves 
-^  Yourself 
__2fL  Yourselves 


~~1T  Oneself 

A,  able,  agent 

Agency 
Able  to  be 
Able  to  have 


\o    Business 

===d_  Because 

f City 

Ccnsider-ablc 

Advertise 
Advertiser 


I 


^ 


Advantages 


v 


Disadyantagc 

Almost 
Also 
^Zl_Each,  cqual-ly 

I     Equality 
^~*     These 
^l_High,  I 

'    Higher 
^""^    Here,  hear 
^\^  Hereafter 

How 

How  are,  our 

^_  Next 

J_ Opinion 

(    )   Over 


^     We  are,  aware 
Seldom 

(_  On 

Suggest-ed 

Signature 

Singular-ly 


T 


Note :  The  preposition  over  is  expressed  by  the  first  of  the  two 
forms  above  given.  The  second  form  is  used  as  a  prefix,  and  in  many 
compound  words,  as  in  overcoat,  overmatch,   overlook,   over-ripe,   etc. 


45 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


You  will 


4- 


We  are 

We  are  to  be  ^/\  You  will  be 

We  are  to  do  r/\    You  will  do 

f// —   We  are  to  go  y\You  will  have 

(/.        We  are  to  have  ,y°   You  will  see 

t/ — .    We  are  to  know  /^  You  will  say 

^       We  are  to  see  ^"9  You  will  show 

^        We  are  to  take  y^     You  will  take  ^       Are  you 


j| Of  it 

To  it 

,         [f  all 
v         If  this 
i Have  all 

s?    Will  they 
<^    Are  we 


1 


4r 


JL 


We  would  be 
We  would  do 
We  would  have 
We  would  think 
We  would  show 
We  would  like 
What 
What  does 
What  have 
What  is 
What  is  to  be 
What  may  be 
What  shall 


1 

4- 


About  that 
About  this 


About  which 


} 


i 


At  the 
At  which 
Between  the 
Between  those 
_ Between  them 

Jj Between  us 

jj Towards 

For  which 
For  all 


"^ 


After  all 


>v(  When  they 
~\s-  When  will 

M    When  do  they 
~\/7  When  will   they 
J^jx  When  are 

'  j,  Why  does  the 
/     Why  should  they 

' ,,     Why  should  he 


1 


+ 


Does  the 
Which  is  the 


^y  There  is  the 
y  Where  is  the 
4     Why  is  it 


Note :    Use  the  Au  stroke  for  on  where  it  is  followed  by  a  vertical  or 
inclined  stroke. 


46 


SENTENCE  WRITING 


\-  ,>  ■  '—  ^  L) 


^D 


J_ 


James  and  Mary  may  both  go  to  the  field.    Thomas  and  Laura  think 

it  is  not  so  easy  a  task  after  all. 

Edith,  Dorathea  and  Alice  are  to  go  to  the  show  tomorrow.     Do 

you  all  say  I  should  do  this  now,  or  wait  for  Lee? 

What  have  they  to  do  with  this  affair,  anyway?    Shall  I  visit  you 

when  I  go  there  with  the  boys  next  week? 

I  think  I  shall  go  there  after  the  big  box.     Joseph  says  he  knows 

he  can  do  all  that  without  any  money  at  all. 

How  many  boys  are  there  in  the  house  now  ?    It  is  a  big  advantage 

I  think  to  have  him  on  our  side  today  and  tomorrow. 

That  will  be  a  good  opportunity  for  us  all,  I  know.     I  think  I  shall 

appoint  him  in  a  day  or  two,  if  he  will  take  it. 

What  is  the  object  of  all  this  noise  and  fuss,  anyway?    I  say  to  you 

now  that  it  is  an  opportunity  of  a  lifetime. 

You  should  not  fail  to  take  advantage  of  it.     I  should  think  it  is 

about  time  for  him  to  be  here.     I  think  that  is  what  he  would  do 

with  it  if  it  were  his. 

He  was  there  between  the  big  houses,  when  I  saw  him.     Between 

this  and  that,  there  is  not  much  choice.     He  is  the  defendant  in 

the  case,  I  think. 


47 
SENTENCE  WRITING 

"   I        a     /*,— *"^  ^^1 


) 


U^-  i  ^  s  /X  \  L±±  ^^ov^ 


7—v 


u 


p    I I    a i    o>  ^    l> 


X2 o    o    .     u 


/  3 NQ    )    X    ^7 j^  VQ^ 


c  ^Kt^(  n^*-    "^  y-  !  \ 


<^ 


[i         ^  C  °  _  v"^-^  °  _,)L 


Have  you  seen  him  here  at  any  time  since  last  week?     I  shall  go 
there  in  a  clay  or  so  without  you. 

In  two  days  I  shall  go  far  away  to  live  for  the  next  two  months. 
Will  they  all  be  with  you  when  you  go  there? 

You  may  question  him  about  it  when  I  go  away.     Oh,  how  I  do  wish 
you  were  here  now  to  do  this  for  me. 

I  know  he  will  acknowledge  his  receipt  when  you  show  it  to  him. 
If  I  ever  see  him,  I  will  ask  him. 

I  think  you  will  receive  the  money  very  soon,  may  be  today.    I  will 
decide  it  for  you  before  many  days. 

Why  do  you  not  go  there  to  see  him,  as  you  said  you  would  ?    You 
would  have  to  go  there  with  me. 

I  will  take  the  boys  with  me  tomorrow.     They  may  be  there  already. 
You  will  also  do  this  for  him. 
-  He  was  almost  here  when  you  came  last  week  to  see  us.     Would 
you  not  like  to  see  him? 

We  were  with  you  all  the  time  that  you  were  here.    I  know  just  what 
you  will  do  about  it.     I  am  to  go  there  with  you. 
Do  you  ever  see  him  there?     It  is  very  singular  if  that  is  not  his 
signature.    I  know  it  is  his  signature,  so  do  you. 


48 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


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t  J      She  has  to  go 
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49 

THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

Second  Installment. 


absence 

desire 

last 

request 

some 

Sunday 

any 

does 

least 

said 

something 

suppose 

anyway 

dozen 

lesson 

sale 

sometimes 

testimony 

assist 

each 

lost 

salary 

song 

those 

August 

east 

miss 

same 

soon 

use 

auto 

easy 

most 

says 

south 

vessel 

beside 

else 

must 

seen 

small 

visit 

box 

fix 

news 

serious 

speak 

wait 

busy 

goes 

pass 

sell 

stamp 

walk 

cast 

guess 

piece 

sick 

stole 

war 

cause 

guest 

police 

side 

story 

watch 

citizen 

history 

raise 

sight 

study 

wear 

city 

ice 

reason 

since 

success 

week 

colonies 

issue 

receipt 

size 

such 

well 

decide 

just 

receive 

sold 

suggest 

wife 

The  letters  given  in  the  following  pages  have  been  prepared 
specially  in  order  that  the  student  may  enter  upon  letter  dictation 
thus  early  in  his  study  and  practice  of  Scientific  Shorthand. 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  compose  a  set  of  business  letters,  when 
the  vocabulary  must  be  limited  so  as  not  to  bring  in  words  which 
more  advanced  principles  would  require  a  change  in  the  manner  of 
their  writing.  However,  we  believe  the  students  will  enjoy  and 
appreciate  the  work  more  deeply  from  now  on,  because  they  are 
able  to  take  and  transcribe  real  business  letters,  simple  though  they 
are  in  both  form  and  substance. 

While  progressing  through  the  letter  writing,  we  admonish  the 
students  to  give  to  the  preceding  part  of  the  book  a  most  careful 
and  searching  review.  Every  principle  should  be  understood  so 
thoroughly  that  its  application  may  be  applied  instantly.  The  proper 
length,  slant,  shading  and  direction  of  strokes  must  be  carried  into 
this  early  practice.  Neatness  and  accuracy  rather  than  speed,  should 
characterize  all  students'  work.  Build  speed  upon  the  bed-rock  of 
understanding.  Refuse  to  become  a  careless,  slovenly  shorthand 
writer.  Take  real  pride  in  becoming  a  real  expert  shorthand  pen- 
man, for  there  is  a  shorthand  penmanship  just  as  there  is  a  longhand 
penmanship,  and  the  one  is  just  as  important  as  the  other. 

A  critical  study  of  the  engraved  outlines,  not  only  in  the  letters, 
but  in  the  words  illustrating  the  text,  and  much  practice  in  the  writ- 
ing thereof,  will  insure  any  industrious,  determined  and  reasonably 
intelligent  student,  neat,  accurate  and  rapid  Scientific  Shorthand 
writing.  • 

The  letters  will  present  a  few  contracted  forms  for  words  and 
phrases.  They  are  readily  understood,  easily  applied,  and  should  be 
memorized  and  employed  in  all  future  writing. 


50 

KEY  TO  OPPOSITE  PAGE 

May  6th,  1917. 
J.  B.  Lee, 

Decatur,  111. 
Dear  Sir:     Our  business  is  now  very  satisfactory  to  all  of  us  and  we 
shall  thank  you  if  you  will  pay  the  party  the  money  we  owe  him.  We 
are  willing  to  take  A.  B.  Ames  in  the  business  with  us  after  next  Tuesday. 

Very  truly, 

Dubuque,  Iowa,  July  4,  1917. 
L.  R.  West, 

Boise,  Idaho. 
Dear  Sir :     We  have  two  sets  of  nice  vases  which  we  desire  to  sell  and 
which  we  will  sell  cheaply.     If  you  buy  them  before  the  last  of  this 
week,  we  will  take  70  cents  for;  each  of  them.     We  hope  you  will  take 
advantage  of  this  offer. 

Very  truly, 

Dallas,  Texas,  July  24,  1917. 
A.  P.  Roe, 

New  York  City. 
My  dear  Sir :  We  will  sell  you  all  the  sheep  we  have  in  our  fields 
if  you  will  pay  us  as  much  as  two  thousand  dollars  cash  at  the  time  of 
sale.     If  this  suits  you  we  will  have  everything  fixed  up  by  the  15th  of 
the  month. 

Very  truly, 

Dear  Sir:  We  ask  you  to  give  us  a  box  of  your  best  tomatoes  for 
our  use  at  tomorrow's  picnic.  We  shall  not  be  able  to  pay  you  for  them 
for  a  few  days,  but  you  may  rest  easy  about  the  money  for  it  will  be 
at  your  store  in  the  mail  next  Thursday  P.  M.  If  you  will  do  this,  you 
may  ship  the  tomatoes  today. 

With  our  best  wishes,  we  are, 

Very  truly  yours, 

Minneapolis,  July   10,   1917. 
Messrs.  Joseph  &  Co., 

Marietta,  Ohio. 
Dear  Sirs:  I  beg  to  acknowledge  receipt  of  your  favor  of  May  9th. 
I  will  make  you  four  copies  of  the  large  map  of  the  United  States  for 
two  dollars  each.  If  you  wish  to  see  one  of  the  maps  before  you  buy 
them,  I  will  ship  a  copy  to  your  office  and  if  it  does  not  suit  you,  you 
may  ship  it  back  to  us  any  time  this  month  and  you  will  have  nothing 
to  pay. 

Hoping  to  have  as  much  of  your  business  this  season  as  we  received 
last  year,  and  wishing  you  well  in  all  things,  I  am  as  ever, 

Very  truly, 


51 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


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52 

KEY  TO  OPPOSITE  PAGE 


Dear  Sir :    Do  you  know  that  Harry  Cady  told  me  that  the  company  he 
represented  in  Duluth  a  month  ago  will  move  to  Winnipeg?    I  was  aston- 
ished to  hear  that.      May  be  they  are  already  there;  if  so,  I  shall  have 
to  buy  all  of  our  fish  at  the  lake  shore  store. 
J  hope  to  receive  a  letter  about  this  to-day. 

Very  truly, 


Dear  Sir:  I  wish  to  buy  a  copy  of  the  new  book  "Good  Language"  by 
E.  I.  Oakley,  published  about  a  month  ago  by  A.  O.  Kelly  May  I  ask  a 
question  or  two  about  the  book?  I  have  two  questions  that  I  think  are 
especially  good.  I  should  like  to  have  the  book  by  to-morrow,  or  at  the 
latest  by  next  Thursday.    I  am 

Very  truly, 


Dear  Sir:       I  know  that  you  can  buy  the  book,  the  name  of  which  ii 
"Good  Language." 

I  am  in  Omaha  now  and  you  know  I  represent  a 
large  company  here  which  published  that  book  about  a  month  ago,  so 
I  will  see  that  you  have  the  book  by  to-morrow. 


Miss  Mary  Kennedy, 

Winnipeg,  Manitoba. 
Dear  Miss  Kennedy:  Why  have  we  not  received  any  answer  to  our 
letter  of  last  week  in  which  we  questioned  you  about  Joseph  O'Neill  who 
told  us  that  he  represented  a  large  company  in  your  city,  the  name  of 
which  I  think  he  said  is  the  Manitoba  Security  Gold  Company.  He  said 
that  he  was  a  citizen  of  Canada,  a  member  of  the  Olympia  Lodge,  and 
that  he  knew  you  very  well.  When  he  was  here,  his  one  purpose  was 
to  sell  stock  for  cash,  and  he  took  advantage  of  every  opportunity  to  do 
so. 

It  is  necessary  that  we  hear  about  him  as  soon  as  possible. 

Yours  truly, 


Messrs.  James  O'Reilly  &  Company, 

Chicago,  111. 
Dear  Sirs :    I  wish  you  would  secure  me  a  copy  of  A.  E.  Smith's  Religi- 
ous Works.    I  am  to  give  a  lecture  on  this  subject  next  week  and  wish 
you  would  not  delay  in  securing  the  book  for  me.     If  you  will  suggest 
anything  new  on  the  subject,  you  will  do  me  a  favor. 

I  hope  to  receive  an  answer  by  return  mail. 

Yours  truly, 


53 


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54 

KEY  TO  OPPOSITE  PAGE 


Minneapolis,  Minnesota,  May  28,  1917. 
J.  E.  Bigelow, 

Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  received  to-day.  We  wish  to  thank  you  for  the 
good  work  you  are  doing  for  our  company.  For  some  reason  business 
is  not  as  good  as  it  was  a  year  ago,  but  every  day  we  are  looking  for 
a  change  for  the  better.  There  are  a  few  disadvantages  to  the  business 
that  I  wish  to  speak  to  you  about  and  ask  your  advice. 

Our  advertising  agent  is  out  of  the  city  almost  all  the  time.  We  are 
aware  that  his  absence  is  not  good  for  the  business.  What  do  you  think 
of  it?  In  my  opinion,  it  is  poor  business  policy,  but  I  have  not  said  much 
about  this  to  them  yet. 

Each  member  of  the  firm  is  assessed  a  small  sum  every  time  he  re- 
ceives a  visitor  in  the  office.  By  the  way,  do  you  think  that  is  a  wise 
thing  to  do?  It  is  singular,  but  some  of  the  members  are  seldom  on  time, 
and  that  is  the  reason  there  is  so  much  delay  in  the  work.  It  would  be 
a  good  time  for  you  to  offer  some  advice  to  the  company  now.  I  must 
say  it  is  quite  necessary  that  they  listen  to  you,  because  this  is  the  time 
to  make  a  change.  Can  you  suggest  something  to-day?  No  one  else  can 
give  advice  as  good  as  you  can. 

Yours  truly, 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  February  1,  1917. 
O.  P.  Jackson, 

Memphis,  Tennessee. 
Dear  Sir:  Last  Tuesday  I  saw  the  cashier  of  the  Equality  Security 
Company,  and  he  told  me  that  the  business  for  this  year  is  especially 
good.  In  fact,  he  said  he  was  astonished  at  the  change  for  the  better 
in  the  work,  since  August  A.  Dickey  became  a  member  of  the  firm.  In 
another  month  he  is  going  to  give  me  a  memorandum  together  with  some 
other  particulars  which  I  questioned  him  about  long  ago.  He  is  engaged 
in  a  large  business  and  I  would  suggest  that  you  go  and  see  him  before 
he  leaves  the  city,  which  might  be  quite  soon. 

With  best  wishes  to  you,  I  am 

Very  truly, 


Dear  Sir :  We  have  before  us  your  letter  of  the  4th  inst.  In  answer  to  it, 
we  would  say  we  are  not  able  to  ship  the  buggy  to  you  for  at  least  one 
week  yet,  as  it  must  go  to  the  factory  for  some  very  necessary  repairs. 
Hoping  that  we  shall  succeed  in  satisfying  you  in  all  ways,  we  beg  leave 
to  be,  as  ever 

Yours  truly, 


55 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


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56 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


Dear  Sir:  To-morrow  I  shall  pay  you  the  money  due  on  my  house  at 
Rochester.  I  am  sorry  I  could  not  pay  it  before,  but  many  serious  mat- 
ters which  I  must  take  up  and  dispose  of  have  caused  this  delay. 

I  hope  you  will  be  in  your  office  early  to-morrow  to  receive  the  money. 

Yours  truly, 

Dear  Sir:  Emma  Smith,  widow  of  James  Smith,  holds  a  large  legacy 
with  which  she  wishes  to  buy  city  houses  and  Dakota  farms.  She  may 
take  out  a  policy  to  cover  any  damage  to  her  rye  and  barley  fields. 

If  you  think  you  can  make  a  deal  with  the  said  party,  I  will  do  all 
I  can  to  assist  you.  She  is  very  wealthy  and  has  considerable  money  at 
her  disposal. 

Yours  truly, 

Dear  Sir:  I  shall  give  notice  to  the  city  authorities  that  the  boys  and 
girls  of  this  academy  desire  a  large  swimming  pool  in  their  new  gym- 
nasium). This  is  one  of  the  most  necessary  things  to  make  a  gym- 
nasium) popular.  They  must  have  also  the  best  of  shower  baths  and 
many  other  things  that  I  shall  suggest  to  you  some  other  time. 

You  must  do  your  best  to  assist  us  so  we  may  secure  these  necessary 
things. 

Yours  truly, 

Mrs.  Victor  Wood, 

City. 
Dear  Madam:     I  have  a  large  store  in  South  Minneapolis.     I  sell  the 
very  choicest  things  to  eat,  and  should  like  to  have  you  visit  us  some  time 
soon  and  taste  the  delicious  strawberries,  raspberries,  cakes  and  cookies 
that  I  carry. 

You  will  do  me  a  favor  just  to  take  a  look  at  the  variety  of  fancy 
goods  that  this  store  carries.    I  hope  to  see  you  in  here  before  long. 

Yours  truly, 

Mr.  Julius  Johnson, 

Dubuque,  Iowa. 
Dear  Sir :  Do  you  know  where  I  can  buy  a  set  or  a  dozen  of  Webster's 
Rhetorics?  For  several  days  I  have  wished  to  purchase  these  particular 
books,  but  could  not  do  so  as  the  book  stores  here  do  not  carry  them.  I 
would  like  a  dozen  copies  of  Fisk's  Civics  also.  We  are  using  this  work 
and  like  it  very  much. 

I  hope  to  receive  an  answer  to  this  letter  by  return  mail. 

Yours  truly, 


57 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


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58 

LETTER  \\ "KITING  EXERCISE 


Mr.  Louis  Adams, 

Salem,  Mass. 
Dear  Sir:     Your  letter  of  the  14th  inst.  received.     If  you  will  give  me 
the  house  you  hold  in  Salem  as  security,  I  will  give  you  the  money  you 
wish.    I  do  not  consider  the  house  is  very  good  security,  but  I  will  leave 
it  that  way  for  one  year. 

I  hope  business  is  good  in  your  city.  It  is  astonishing  how  good  all 
business  is  in  this  vicinity.  The  rye  and  barley  sales  are  especially  good 
this  year.  A  year  ago  they  were  slack,  but  the  high  cost  of  living  seems 
to  push  business  along.  If  you  have  a  system  to  work  by,  you  will  see 
that  you  will  have  better  success.  That  is  the  way  we  do  business  in 
Canada. 

With  best  wishes  for  your  success  and  welfare,  I  am 

Very  truly, 

Mr.  Thomas  Smith, 

Tomahawk,  Wisconsin. 
Dear  Sir:    I  wish  to  acknowledge  your  letter  of  the  6th  inst.,  saying  that 
you  will  ship  the  five  boxes  of  raisins  to  our  store  at  Topeka  next  Tues- 
day.   You  may  ship  us  also  the  following: 
2  dozen  jugs  of  molasses 
1   dozen  small  picnic  hams 
5  pecks  of  turnips 
4  boxes  of  tomatoes 
If  you  have  some  nice  bananas,  you  may  also  ship  us  some  of  them. 

Yours  truly, 

Mr.  Selby  Thistle, 

Reno,  Nevada. 
Dear  Sir:    I  should  like  to  sell  you  a  large  jug  of  oil  before  you  go  away. 
The  jug  will  hold  one-half  barrel  of  oil,  and  I  think  you  will  like  it  very 
much. 

I  wish  to  receive  a  letter   by  return  mail. 

Truly  yours, 

Mr.  Jesse  E.  Harrison, 

Sioux  Falls,  South  Dakota. 
Dear  Sir:  Your  letter  of  the  17th  inst.  received.  I  think  you  can  buy 
Webster's  Rhetorics  at  A.  E.  Kennedy's  book  store,  No.  41-  4th  Avenue 
South.  He  may  have  the  book  on  Civics  which  you  desire,  also.  I  know 
he  advertised  this  work  a  year  ago.  I  am  of  your  opinion  when  you  fay 
that  these  text  books  are  particularly  good. 

We  hope  you  will  be  able  to  secure  these  books. 

Yours  truly, 


59 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


_^ Q_ 


"-L;  ^vjvi  .  "/-v  r  ( 


^_v. 


-N^o^t: 


^H 


/^     ^V^. 


^ 


1 


(  jx  Slo'  ^  **  v 


-^r 


cvj  ^ 


_D 


-j^^- 


£j_L 


_o 


^     ,     ^f 


7 


^ 


L -^ 


Jb. 


A^v 


v     \_£> 


^-^T 


¥■ 


X 


Z u 


Z_ 


,V  ^L  : 


X,     z^1 v^   .  u 


XT^ 


T  :  "T   ^ 


t  ^— ^ 


//c 


X.-r^-x 


t 


-^ 


f         V,  V,, 


^r 


^ 


^L 


•7)    -\  y<<? 


*  '— 


J2 


]£. 


t- 


60 


USES  OF  N  HOOK 

1.  A  small  final  hook  on  the  concave  side  of  any  curved  stroke,  on 
the  left  hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch,  J,  H,  Wh,  and  on  the  under  side  of 
K,  G,  Ray  and  Ou,  expresses  the  sound  of  N,  not  followed  by  a  vowel 
sound. 


k^ 


k. 


ZL 


^L 


fine 

vine 

thin 

line 

win 


— ,      gone 


rain 


N 


spin 


\ 


queen 


mine 


none 


sprain 

stone 

strain 

pin 


I 


J_ 


f 


done 

chain 

June 

skin 

slain 


2.     The  N  hook  is  made  a  part  of  a  small  loop  to  express  nt,  nd. 


J_ 


-f 


^ 


joined 

adjoined 

chant 

screened 

rent 


\ 


/* 


spent 

stunt 

strained 

skinned 

slant 


3.     The  Nt-d  loop  is  extended  across  the  stroke  to  add  ed. 


zf. 


^L 


^ 


.mended 

.landed 

.vented 

.wounded 

.founded 


</ 


r= 


Ju 


-\ 


.haunted 
.slanted 
stunted 
shunted 
.squinted 


I 


v 


X 


.stranded 
amended 
offended 
attended 
abounded 


\ 


_accounted 
_appointed 
_annointed 
_amounted 
_acquainted 


4.  A  vowel  sound  must  precede  N  hook ;  therefore,  a  stroke  modi- 
fied by  an  N  hook  need  not  be  lengthened  to  show  the  presence  of  a 
vowel  sound  between  the  stroke  and  N  hook ;  but  such  strokes,  used  medi- 
ally and  finally,  may  be  lengthened  to  indicate  a  long  vowel  sound,  or  an 
accented  vowel  before  the  sound  of  N. 

5.  Third  position  strokes,  modified  by  an  N  hook,  may  be  length- 
ened   and    written    according  to     paragraphs  5  and  6,  page  21. 


61 


USES  OF  N  HOOK  CONTINUED 

1.     The  S-Z  circle  must  be  written  within  the  N  hook  on  curved 
strokes. 


Va        fines 
^        vines 
(s         thins 
lines 


_Zf H 


^_ 


nouns 
wins 


"~>     queens 
_s/__  shines 


w 


7*- 


offense 

/Vq,  roughens 

aligns 

y\     refines 

winced 

/Va     ravens 

owns 

/\       ravines 

moans 


eJ      yawns 


-^ —  fenced  V-*      demons 


2.  The  C  and  Ses  circles  are  too  large  to  be  written  within  the  N 
hook.  Therefore,  a  dot  or  period  is  written  inside  such  circle:;  to  ex- 
press the  sound  of  N  before  a  medial  C  or  Ses  circle,  and  before  a  final 
C  and  Ses  circle  on  curved  strokes. 


_W 


^3 


3t 


2l 


fancy 
fences 
winces 
quinces 


Jr* lances 

^d_ —  rancid 


N,    bouncer 


ransack 


Benson 
tinsel 


J-< 


handsome 


-=^ 


££l.  lonesome 


Spencer 
dispenser 
announces 
affiances 


3.     Final  Ns,  Nz,  following  the  sound  of  a  straight  stroke,  may  be 
expressed  by  closing  the  N  hook  into  a  small  circle. 


J 


s 


pens 
tins 
dunce 
whines 


X 


J- 


s_ 


bones 
joins 
gains 
rains 


2± 


chains 
stains 
ripens 
attains 


against 
saddens 
regions 
rejoins 


4.  The  sounds  of  nsy,  nces,  nzez,  etc.,  final,  following  the  sound  of 
a  straight  stroke,  may  be  expressed  by  closing  the  N  hook  into  a  C  circle 
for  ncy,  nsy,  and  into  a  Ses  circle  for  nses,  nces. 


\ 


pansy 
a tansy 


d 


_tenses 


-dunces 
-Kansas 
.ounces 


^ 


sL 


•inses 

lances 

.chances 


.X 


X 


\ 


.nounces 
.bounces 
.rebounces 


62 


THE  USES  OF  SHUN  AND  -NG  HOOKS 

1.  A  large  final  hook  on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch,  J, 
H,  Wh,  on  the  upper  side  of  K,  G,  Ray  and  Ou,  and  on  the  concave  side 
of  curved  strokes  (except  Th)  expresses  the  syllables  having  the  sound 
of  Shun  spelled  sion,  sian,  Hon,  cian,  cean.  The  S  and  C  circles  may  be 
written  within  the  Shun  hook. 


d 


2- 


V 


ocean 

ration 

option 

motion 

nation 

action 


^ 


passion 
._  Hessian 


suasion 


_So  ,  fashion 
petition 
sections 
orations 
logician 
effusion 


7~- 


V 


^o 


illusion 
radiation 
laudation 
N^~L.  politician 
mutations 
elocution 


IT 


r=r 


2.     A  large  N  hook  on  any  straight  stroke,  and  on  Th  strokes,  ex- 
presses ng. 


X 


^L 


J 


rowing 
kink 
king- 
tongue 


J 


1 


—  pang 

—  bung 

—  hung 

ZL — ring 

3.  The  ending  seeshun,  spelled  sition,  cission,  cision,  sician,  etc.,  is 
expressed  by  S  circle  and  Shun  hook;  sheation,  spelled  tiation,  elation, 
is  expressed  by  S  circle,  continued  across  the  stroke,  and  joined  to  Shun 
hook;  -nshun  (spelled  nsion,  ntion,  ntian)  is  expressed  by  a  dot  and  Shun 
hook — the  dot  to  be  written  in  N  hook  position. 


stung 
string 
gong 
going 


L 


thong 
bathing 
springest 
strongest 


^ 


position 

decision 

causation 

accession 

recission 


_Ld —  physician 
s^Zt    musician 
&      secessions 
v-      abscission 

-n    ,.,  acquisition 


-association 


■d- 


ascension 


-^r—  annunciation  — ^ — pension 

/        renunciation  <^~s  -mention 

-i-! — tension  ^~~^   dimension 

attention  /L.  retention 


hr 


63 

MISCELLANEOUS  PRINCIPLES 

1.  -n-n,  as  in  tenancy,  penance,  finance,  etc.,  is  expressed  by  N  hook 
and  N  stroke ;  but  the  N  stroke  must  be  lengthened  where  a  vowel  sound 
follows  it,  as  in  fineness,  meanness,  etc. 


X tenant  \_5>       penance 


j>  evenness 


^  ^    eminent  v-^o  permanence  L  9       finance 

\  ,     pennant  J_r>        tenancy  V^  jp    fineness 

2.  Con,  com,  may  be  expressed  by  an  initial  dot. 

\a      composition  ±,      continent  _  concede 

3.  -nguish,  -nquish,  may  be  expressed  by  -ng-sh,  joined  or  disjoined. 

/^~3      languish  V  vanquish  — ^-    distinguish 

4.  Ology,  may  be  expressed  by  J  stroke  written  through  the  preced- 
ing part  of  the  Avord ;  ological-ly  by  the  J-K  strokes  joined,  and  so  written. 

—)L- theology  V/p         physiology  V/»       physiological 

5.  Fication,  may  be  expressed  by  the  K  stroke  written  through  the 
preceding  part  of  a  word. 


specification        ■-  a       notification  _i 


edification 


6.  Graph,  may  be  expressed  by  the  G  stroke  written  through  the  pre- 
ceding part  of  a  word. 

\-        biograph  \-        biographer  \j      biographical 

7.  Ing  a-an,  may  be  expressed  by  a  disjoined  short  T  or  K  stroke 
written  in  place  of  ing  dot. 


.doing  a  >  y)       knowing-  a  - — -       1  making  an 


8.     Ing  the,  may  be  expressed  by  a  disjoined  short  Ray  or  Cha  stroke 
written  in  place  of  ing  dot. 

_l doing  the     ^    ...  making  the  _^ seeing  the     \,     paying  the 


64 


USES  OF  N  STROKE  AND  N  HOOK 


Affiance,  -f-  -ns 


_V^2__  Evinces,  ev-nses 
>»       Evinced,  ev-nst 
k°         Silences,  s-l-nscs 
/       Koran  1    K-r-n 
q       Announces,  -n-nses 
^q       Annoyances,  -n-  -uses 
^/___  Renounces,  r-n-nses 
v       ^o       Alliances,  -/-  -uses 
;Benison,  b-n-s-n 
.Canada,  k-n-d- 
.  Candy,  k-ndy 
Avenge,  -v-nj 


\ 


|_ Handy,  h-ndy 

Hinsdale,  h-nsd-i 
Minnesota,  M-n-s-t- 


„ P      Monastic,  m-n-st-k 

l_ ^  Demonetize,  d-m-n-t-s 

\_^—  Panic,  p-n-k 

.  Pancake,  p-nk-k 


V 


\        Pinion,  p-ny-n 

-zr — 


Bunyan,  B-ny-n 


\ ■     -,     Pendulum,  p-nd-l-m 
\ Pantheon,  p-nth-  -n 

\ Pantomime,  p-nt-m-m 

I — ^— N 

\ Bandana,  b-nd-n- 

' — / 
\ Banditti,  b-nd-ty 


!> 


^ 


Bandage,  b-nd-j 
Bantam,  b-nt-m 
V  ^         Benign,  fr-ft-n 

J Tenpins,  t-np-ns 

I  ^ —      Tonic,  f-n-fc 

J Tenth,  t-nth 

J Edinboro,  -d-nb-ro 

Dentist,  d-nt-st 

J Danish,  D-n-sh 


I 


> 


■  Canby,  K-nby 

Sponge,  sp-nj 

/d Stainless,  st-nl-s 

r  Stingy,  st-njy 

_  Monday,  M-udy 


^  Wednesday,  U'-usd- 


USES  OF  N  STROKE  AND  N  HOOK 


65 


<=V~ 


Mendacious,  m-nd-sh-s     J 


J 


c 


Mendacity,  m-nd-s-ty         N^ 
Whine,  ivh-n 
Whinny,  wh-ny 


J- 


Dispenser,  d-sp-ns-r 
Bouncer,  b-ns-r 
Ransack,  r-ns-k 
Rancid,  r-ns-d 


± 


7 


* 


IT 


-L 


JL 


Mendicant,  m-nd-h-nt       <*>  Handsomest,  hans-m-st 

Spontaneous,  sp-nt-n-  -s   /'Tr~N      _  Lonesome,  l-ns-m 


X 


Gainsay,  g-ns- 
Rainbow,  r-nbo 
Runaway,  r-n-zva 
Reindeer,  r-nd-r 
Vanishes,  v-n-sh-s 
Lonely,  l-nly 
Arranges,  -r-nj-s 
Mantilla,  m-nt-l- 
Potency,  p-t-nsy 
Evenness,  ev-nn-s 
Fineness,  f-nn-s 
Finance,  f-n-ns 
Hancock,  H-nk-k 
Titanic,  t-t-n-k 
Spencer,  Sp-ns-i' 


U 


\ 


-^ 


t 


Density,  d-ns-ty 
Tenancy,  t-n-nsy 
Penance,  p-n-ns 


/\$         Lieutenancy,  l-t-n-nsy 
^_^  Amanuenses,  -m-n-  -ns-s 

\&  Positions,  p-s-shuns 

Opposition,  -p-s-shun 
Physician,  f-s-shun 
_  Acquisitions,  -qu-s-shuns 
Suspension,  s-sp-nshun 
Punctuation,  p-ngt-  -shun 
-&      Emaciation,  ems-  -shun 

51) Negotiation,  n-g-s-  -shun 

Association,  -s-s-  -shun 
J  /fe        Denunciation,  d-n-ns-  -shun 


66 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


pan,    p-n 

wane,    ro-n 

pains,  p-ns 

fanned,  f-nd 

tan,  l-n 

Spain,   Sp-n 

chains,  ch-ns 

manned,  m-nd 

can,  fc-n 

stain,   st-n 

rains,  r-ns 

bent,    b-nl 

fan,  f-n 

skein,  sfy-n 

veins,  v-ns 

tend,    t-nd 

than,    th-n 

swain,  sn>-n 

wanes,   iv-ns 

Kent,  K-nl 

span,  sp-n 

dean,    d-n 

beans,   b-ns 

rend,   r-nd 

pen,    p-n 

lean,    /-n 

tans,    i-ns 

lent,    J-n< 

ten,  t-n 

mean,  m-n 

Dan's,  D-ns 

fend,  f-nd 

ken,  fc-n 

dine,    d-n 

chance,    ch-ns 

went,    lv-nl 

hen,  h-n 

Rhine,   R-n 

cans,    fc-ns 

queens,   qu-ns 

been,    fc-n 

spine,    sp-n 

fans,   f-ns 

pines,  p-ns 

din,  d-n 

swine,   sw-n 

vans,  v-ns 

fines,   /-ns 

fin,   /-n 

vine,    v-n 

spans,  sp-ns 

lines,    l-ns 

win,    n>-n 

wine,    V>-n 

pens,   p-ns 

mines,    m-ns 

spin,   sp-n 

nine,    n-n 

dens,   d-ns 

cones,  k'ns 

John,   /-n 

tone,  t-n 

whence,  wh-ns 

tunes,    t-ns 

pun,    p-n 

hone,    n-n 

thence,    ih-ns 

spoons,    sp-ns 

gun,  g-n 

boon,   b-n 

bins,    b-ns 

dawns,  d-ns 

fun,    f-n 

moon,  m-n 

dins,    d-ns 

danced,   d-nsd 

won,    n>-n 

pain,    p-n 

fins,    /-ns 

canst,   fy-nst 

pawn,  p-n 

chain,  ch-n 

mince,    m-ns 

rinsed,  r-nsd 

fawn,    f-n 

again,    -g-n 

spins,  sp-ns 

fenced,   f-nsd 

spawn,  sp-n 

fane,    /-n 

puns,    p-ns 

pant,   p-nl 

ban,  b-n 

lain,   l-n 

dunce,   d-ns 

chant,   ch-nt 

Dan,  D-n 

main,  m-n 

guns,   g-ns 

rant,   r-nt 

ran,    r-n 

sprain,    spr-n 

Danes,    D-ns 

land,    1-nd 

van,  v-n 

strain,   slr-n 

gains,  g-ns 

pent,   p-nt 

man,    m-n 

slain,   sf-n 

fanes,  f-ns 

tent,    t-ni 

scan,   sfc-n 

bean,    b-n 

lanes,   {-ns 

dent,   d-n< 

Ben,   B-n 

keen,   fc-n 

mains,  m-ns 

rent,    r-nt 

den,  J-n 

wean,   lv-n 

leans,   l-ns 

spent,   sp-nt 

wren,    r-n 

pine,    p-n 

dines,  d-ns 

lend,    J-nd 

pin,    p-n 

kine,    fc-n 

vines,  v-ns 

vend,  \>-nd 

tin,  t-n 

whine,     tt/i-n 

wines,    v>-ns 

band,  b-nd 

chin,  c/i-n 

stein,   sf-n 

bones,  b-ns 

wend,  w-nd 

thin,    m-n 

fine,  f-n 

moans,  m-ns 

wind,   l»-nd 

shin,    sh-n 

thine,   m-n 

moons,  m-ns 

pond,   p-nd 

skin,   sfc-n 

mine,   m-n 

spawns,  sp-ns 

donned,    d-nd 

gone,    g-n 

cone,    fc-n 

tensed,  t-nsd 

wont,  n»-n( 

done,    J-n 

moan,    m-n 

chanced,   ch-nsd 

hunt,    h-nt 

run,  r-n 

known,   n-n 

tens,    t-ns 

runt,  r-nl 

none,    n-n 

tune,  t-n 

hens,   /i-ns 

chained,  ch-nd 

spun,  sp-n 

June,    /-n 

fence,  f-ns 

meant,  m-nt 

dawn,  d-n 

pans,    p-ns 

pins,  p-ns 

tint,  i-nl 

lawn,    Z-n 

bans,   b-ns 

tins,    /-ns 

chinned,  ch-nd 

down,   d-n 

lance,    l-ns 

chins,  ch-ns 

thinned,   th-nd 

coon,    £-n 

manse,  m-ns 

against,    -g-nsl 

rained,  r-nd 

spoon,  sp-n 

scans,  sf-ns 

winced,   w-nsd 

sprained,    spr-nd 

Dane,    D-n 

thins,   th-ns 

lanced,    l-nsd 

waned,    tv-nd 

Jane,    /-n 

wince,   »-ns 

tanned,   t-nd 

fiend,    f-nd 

gain,    g-n 

skins,  s£-ns 

cant,    %-nr 

weaned,   re-nd 

rain,  r-n 

duns,     J-ns 

means,  m-ns 

bind,  b-nd 

vain,    v-n 

runs,    r-ns 

weans,  lv-ns 

kind,   \-nd 

67 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


hind,  h-nd 
fined,  f-nd 
wind,  iv-nd 
toned,    l-nd 
loaned,  l-nd 
tuned,    t-nd 
mend,  m-nd 
pinned,   p-nd 
dint,    d-ni 
hint,    h-ni 
lint,   l-nl 
mint,   m-nt 
bond,  h-nd 
fond,  f-nd 
punt,  p-nt 
dunned,    d-nd 

shunt,   sh-nt 
gained,    g-nd 
strained,   sir-nd 
feigned,    f-nd 
quaint,    qu-nt 
leaned,  l-nd 
pinned,   p-nd 
dined,  d-nd 
rind,  T-nd 
whined,  luh-nd 
lined,    l-nd 
honed,  h-nd 
moaned,  m-nd 
fawned,    f-nd 
spooned,  sp-nd 
downed,   d-nd 


gowned,    g-nd 
mound,    m-nd 
sound,   s-nd 
pants,   p-nls 
chants,    ch-nli 
hunts,   h-nis 
mends,    m-nds 
accounts,   -}(-nis 
panted,  p-nl-d 
chanted,  ch-nt-d 
landed,  l-nd-d 
dented,  d-nl-d 
mended,  m-nd-d 
tinted,    t-nl-d 
rounded,  r-nd-d 
wanted,    ro-nt-d 

haunted,   h-nt-d 
slanted,  sl-nt-d 
pounces,    p-ns-s 
tenses,  t-ns-s 
chances,    ch-ns-s 
rinses,   r-ns-s 
fences,    f-ns-s 
bound,    h-nd 
hound,    h-nd 
found,  f-nd 
wound,    lu-nd 
fount,  f-nt 
tends,   t-nds 
rents,    r-nts 
finds,  f-nds 
wends,    ro-nds 


amounts,    -m-nts 
banded,   b-nd-d 
rented,   r-nt-d 
tended,  t-nd-d 
vended,   v-nd-d 
wended,  Tv-nd-d 
bounded,    h-nd-d 
sounded,  s-nd-d 
founded,    f-nd-d 
stunted,   st-ni-d 
pansy,  p-nsy 
tansy,  l-nsy 
dances,   d-ns-s 
Kansas,   K-ns-s 
fancy,  f-nsy 
mind,   m-nd 

offenses,  -f-ns-s 
lances,    l-ns-s 
laces,   l-s-s 
mosses,    m-s-s 
manses,  m-ns-s 
winces,  n>-ns-s 
passions,   p-shuns 
tuition,  l--shun 
option,   -pshun 
edition,  -d-shun 
actions,   -l(shuns 
caution,   fc-shun 
occasions,    -l(-shuns 
rations,    r-shuns 
Hessians,   H-shuns 
mutation,    m-t-shun 


petition,    p-t-shun 
repetition,    r-p-t-shun 
mediation,    m-d—shun 
reduction,   r-d-^shun 
negations,    n-g-shuns 
fashion,  f-shun 
refashion,    r-f-shun 
vision,   v-shun 
ding,  d-ng 
ring,   r-ng 
revision,   r-V-shun 
lotion,    l-shun 
illusions,    -l-shuns 
motions,    m-shuns 
demolish,    d-m-l-sh 
donation,   d-n-shun 

ruination,    r—n-shun 
equation,    equ-shun 
oration,  -r-shun 
rejection,    r-j-fyshun 
station,  st-shun 
suasion,    sru-shun 
position,   p-s-shun 
abscission,    -hs-shun 
recission,   r-s-shun 
causation,   fy-s-shim 
musicians,    m-s-shuns 
pangs,  p-ngs 
bangs,    h-ngs 
dong,  d-ng 
hang,  h-ng 
fang,   f-ng 


THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

Third  Installment. 


whole 

arrange 

evidence 

nationalism 

section 

whose 

arrangement 

fine 

nine 

session 

witness 

attention 

finish 

noon 

sincerity 
sudden 

wreck 

band 

found 

obtain 

account 

century 

happen 

our 

summon 

addition 

decision 

human 

outside 

spent 

against 

diamond 

land 

own 

spring 

alone 

disappoint 

man 

point 

station 

amount 

discussion 

machine 

position 

stone 

Monday 

distinguish 

mountain 

pound 

tenth 

second 

around 

election 

men 

region 

upon 

event 

motion 

round 

want 

68 


CONTRACTIONS.     PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING. 


^f 


What  sees 
Must  see 
Must  not  see 


->     We  see  the 
\      Bank 
\       Bankrupt 
Bankruptcy 


\        Objection 

J   Denominate 

_JL__Denomination 

_i Denominated 

[j Condition 

.       Notwithstanding 

6 
-^\^2.  Nevertheless 

_j Beforehand 

|        Advance 

I .  Advanced 

|         Advancement 

_j At  once 

Amendment 

_L Within 


\      y  Backward 
Upward 


if 


Say  that 
Takes  up 
Take  us 


1    o     Takes  us 
Ten  times 
Ten  days 
This  day 


I 


H 


\ 


a  a      Sent,  send 
\  Upon  such 


9 


t 


Very  certain 


\-  Very  soon 

V^       Was  received 
)  Was  said 

Well  done 
Well  known 


-f\ 


=*x 


-^ 


-^ 


u  Well  meaning 
_  Goes  up 
_  Advise  the 
_  Advise  us 
Each  time 
^  Ever)-  month 


COMMON  PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


69 


-Has  been 
.It  has  been 


.Which  has  been 


s 

°<v     Who  has  been 
\  What  has  been 

y\  There  has  been 

f/\  Where  has  been 

i Have  been 

jh We  have  been 

"~i    I  have  been 
_i. You  have  been 

( ■  They  have  been 
^\  There  have  been 
L_Had  been 

"~1    I  had  been 

_\ We  had  been 

_P _What  had  been 

I  I      It  had  been 

(  I     They  had  been 

„ ,   Mine,  man 

, — ^My  own,  men 


L 


Thine 
L Thy  own 


^      Your  own 
.Her  own 


^r 


s* 


.Their  own 
Our  own 


I Its  own 

Q_^  His  own 


Do  not 
May  not 
Can  not 


*J     Shall  not 

Have  not 


-w 


Will  not 


v       Why  not 


-W 


If  not 


We  will  not 


s&    We  are  not 

■A 

A- 


We  are  not 

to  be 
We  are  not 

to  do 
We  are  not 

tosfo 


«0     We  are  not 
to  see 

iZ^__We  are  not 
to  have 
You  are  not 


* 


j^j — Are  not,  or  not 
r  -n    W7hether  or  not 


^=&_^_Must  not 
I It  is  not 


/       There  is  not 
Which  is  not 


~t 

pS     Where  is  not 
^g     I  see 


~~h     W7e  see 

cy      You  see 


(^ They  see 

n    Can  see 


cJ     Shall  see 
/o     Will  see 


|=! Do  see 

It  sees 
Which  sees 


^    Who  sees 


70 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


Lawrence,  Kansas,  June  25,  1917. 
Mr.  John  Mackeen, 

Saginaw,  Michigan. 
Dear  Sir:  I-have-your  letter  asking  us  to  send  you  a  car  of  salt  at-once. 
Just  now  there-is-a  lack  of  cars,  so  we  must  ask  you  to  wait-a  week  or 
ten-days,  as  we  cannot  make  shipment  before. 

We-are  sorry  on  account  of-this-delay  and  hope  it- will-not  affect  your 
business  seriously,  but  you-will-find  that  at-this-time  no  wholesale  house 
is  able  to  secure  cars  within  that-time. 

We-will  send  this  salt  to  Dane's  station,  as  we-are  told  that-is  your 
shipping  point.  If  you  advance  us  the  money,  we-will  give  you  a  dis- 
count of  ten  per-cent. 

Yours-truly, 


Pontiac,  Illinois,  June  28,  1917. 
Mr.  Benjamin  Spencer, 

New  Orleans,  La. 
Dear  Sir :  We-have-your  letter  asking  for  farm  lands.  We-have-an 
especially  fine  farm  about  two  miles  east  of  town.  It-is  just  what-you- 
want;  has-a  fine  location,  a  modern  residence,  and-the  barn  is  very-large. 
This-is  one  of  the  finest  farms  in-the  county,  and  I-know  you-will-be- 
satisfied  with-a  home  like  this. 

We-will-see  you  to-morrow  afternoon,  and-take  you  out  there  to- 
see-this  farm,  and-then  you-can  decide  for  yourself  whether  or-not  vou 
like  it. 

Yours-truly, 


Mankato,  Minnesota,  August  11,  1917. 
The  Fenshaw  Land  Company, 

Bemidji,  Minnesota. 
Gentlemen:  Have  you  a  nice  farm  for  sale  with-a  modern  house  and  a 
large  barn  on-it?  I-do-not  mind  if  some  of  the  land  is  swampy,  but  I-do 
want  rich,  sandy  loam  soil,  as  I-think  that-is-the  best  soil  known.  I  want 
a  piece  of  land  where  I-can  raise  barley,  rye,  corn,  cabbage,  beans,  peas, 
tomatoes,  celery,  and  everything-else  that  can-be  raised  on-a  farm. 

I  hope  to  receive  a  letter  by  return  mail,  as  I-am  anxious  to  begin 
this  kind  of  work. 

If  you  make  me  a  bargain,  I  may  buy  a  sheep  ranch  later  on,  may  be 
next  spring. 

Yours-truly, 


71 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


■=&- 


,/  JLS-t  /f/J. 


jL 


S    ?   '^? 


•     0    n  - 


<°  1  *  c  s 


(^1_^1- 


* 


<h^-   C^'^(lf-/ 


I  .^ 


H; 


■  /^  c  r  . 


^Qf/J         I 


J  »    [    -/     "S  j o-      ^ 


-.A-,  \  °  <*  6 


s  ^  s — c^ 


if 


^ 


^r 


-H-Y- 


"  ,    ff  /  7- 


_Z^ 


I 


-  /  s 


H 


z^ 


~V\  zi 


"1 


,\  X,  I- 


^-f. 


■Z:     V/n 


-*- 


^2 


*z 


^  — 

r/( 


_£- k o_^ ^_ a (_ 


z5  <r  -  )    <-  ~/x 


:^ 


■~r 


J rr-^  _^. oZ_ 


72 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


John  A.  Bohn,  Esq., 

Austin,  Texas. 
Dear  Sir :    I  should  like  to  open  up  a  check  account  in  your  bank.    How 
large  an  amount  is-it  necessary  for  me  to  keep  on  deposit  to  open  up 
such-an  account? 

Yours-truly, 

Messrs.  Jones  &  Simons  Paint  Company, 

Eugene,  Oregon. 
Dear  Sirs:  Ten-days-ago,  I  asked  you  to  send  me  seven  gallons-of  yel- 
low paint  for  my  house  in  town,  on-the  condition  that-the  paint  be  sent 
at-once.  I  told  you  also  that  I  wanted  ten  gallons  of  gasoline,  and  to 
send  that  out  to  my  farm,  but  my  tenant  says  he  has  seen  nothing  of-it 
yet. 

Kindly  take-the  matter  up  with-your  men,  and  give  me  an  answer  just 
as-soon-as  you-can. 

Very-truly, 

Mr.  N.  G.  Winters, 

Valentine,  Maine. 
Dear  Sir:  As  we-have-the  agency  for-the  Payne  lands,  John  Ringley 
has  written  us  that  in-a-few-days  he  and  his  family  wish  to-take  posses- 
sion of-the  old  residence  now  used  by  Henry  Payne,  Jr. ;  but  I  fear  that 
John  Ringley  will  be  bitterly  disappointed,  as-the  Payne  family  is-not 
ready  to-leave-the  city  for-a  week  or  two, — when  they  will  sail  for  Eng- 
land. 

John  Ringley  has  sent  us  bank  bonds  amounting  to  $10,000.  He-is-a 
man  of  eminence,  striking  in  appearance,  and-is  well  advanced  in  years. 
His  youngest  son  is-a  second  lieutenant  in-the  English  army.  Will  you 
wire  him  about  this  matter  so-that  he-can  arrange  his  affairs  satisfac- 
torily at-once? 

Yours-truly, 

Mr.  Peter  Barron, 

Pine  City,  Montana. 
Dear  Sir:    Will  you  kindly  send  me  your  catalogue  and  specifications  of 
fancy  fences  for  garden  use?     I  should  like  to-have-the  fence  within 
ten-days,  so  send  me  your  catalogue  at-once. 

If  I  find  your  quotations  satisfactory,  I-will  send  you  dimensions  of 
my  lawn  and  garden,  as  I  want-the  fence  around  both.  Do  you  allow 
discount  for  cash  payment? 

Yours-truly, 


73 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


^^A 


V 


Ld 


Z_ 


2*. 


1 


\ 


7 


* 


^<V 


^r~a, 


v—  ^ 


>^  v 


JSw 


-H=r    ^ 


I  „«>  ( 


.^J ^  -T   -,  ^  ( 


J 


"^     "  ^ 


A^ 


— ^h 


^  Kyi  ^    i  .  „  s   ^  v  v  ^ 


^ 


^   '  >  ^f  ^  -^  -^  vy 


1  )  ( 


v  (    / 


^Jx 


^_L 


/I   A  [  v 


^  r  ^  v. 


^ 


V»    ^ 


j?=- 


zx^ 


^ 


s^^s^^i  <-y  ^  [  j  —y- 


vVfXi 


<?  <—,  J 


-N<^? ^  v^ 


\>C  ^'-^-J-C^'^C 


T 


^y- 


^-4- 


74 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


Dear  Sir:  If  I  find  time,  I-shall  attend-the  Physicians'  Alumni  to  be 
given  in-the  Canby  Hall  next  Wednesday  evening.  There  will-be  physi- 
cians representing  every  denomination,  and  I-wish  you- would  attend  this 
reception. 

I  am  particularly  well  acquainted  with-a  well-known  physician  whose 
advancement  has-been  due  largely  to-his  kindness  and  many  other  fine 
qualities  which  he  possesses.  Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  at-first  he- 
was  behind  in-a-few  of-his  studies,  he  finished  his  course  at-the  univer- 
sity within-the  length  of  time  required  by-the  average  student.  He  found 
that  his  success  depended  upon  himself  alone;  so  he  went  to  work  with 
all  of-his  hidden  powers  to  qualify  himself  for-the  highest  position  in 
life.     Consequently,  he  found  success  awaiting  him  everywhere. 

I  mention  these  things  to  you  because  I-know  what-has-been  said 
to  you  before  about  this  man. 

If  you-are  going  to  the  City  Hall  soon,  I  would  like  to- go  down  there 
with-you. 

Yours-truly, 


Dear  Sir :  I-wish  you-would-go  and  hear  Miss  Irene  Jones  speak  at-the 
Meredith  Hall  next  week,  (may  be  Wednesday)  at-the  noon  hour.  She- 
is  going  to  speak  on  "Necessary  Qualifications  of  a  Stenographer,"  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  she-is-not-a  good  stenographer  herself. 

She-has-been  teaching  stenography  for  thirty  years,  and-is  well- 
known  in-the  business  world.  You-should  go  and  hear  her  if  you- can 
find-the  time  to-do-so. 

Yours-truly, 


Dear  Sir:  We-have  on  hand  a  large  amount  of  bankrupt  stock,  which 
we  are  disposing  of  at  a  big  discount.  If  you  desire  anything  in-this 
line  we-will  arrange  to-have  one  of  the  salesmen  go  to-your  residence 
at-once,  and  show  you  our  fine  line-of  woolens.  It-is-a  well-known 
fact  that  we  furnish  the  very  best  goods,  and  guarantee  every-thing 
that  we  sell. 

We-have  no  objection  to-receiving  your  bank  bonds  as  cash  payment, 
on-the  condition  that  you  guarantee  them  to  be  good.  If  you  decide  to 
send  us  a  payment  within  ten-days,  you-will  receive-a  second  discount. 

If  we  can-be  of  any  assistance  to  you  in-the  selection  of  goods,  we- 
shall-do  all  we-can  to  favor  you. 

Yours  truly, 


75 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


.i.C^U^J^ 


^ 


7^ 


Vs 


L 


^/    u 


XT" 


^\7 


^ 


Ik 


■Or 


kL 


+^S 


1_^_ 


■^o     — ^.J? 


(    ^>^l/  /No 


tT^^^  i  ^  °  '  L^TC  n  u  ^  n  >  j  ^  ^ 


n  ^  r/~ 


->  ^>^-c  Y\^V 


^*=-v 


^ 


_£) 


'I\  >^  ,^ 


-V 


_jD 


i. 


^v^ 


*-Nr 


_2^ 


-f 


V^^2- 


j^ 


=\ 


^SL 


+ 


"T 


(    ^ 


-W 


4- 


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^V 


i 


X 


d      v-    ,ii — \.     n cL_ 


"-r  "-t  /-  r 


T^C 


^     -> 


^f. 


-      /     n 


/ 


k      ^     >/*»     « ^ 


c>N-;-Tt 


(  ^r* 


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J         "-J         x. 


X. 


^  n   \ 


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V.,     n 


X 


* 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISES. 


Dear  Sir: — We  hold  some  notes  of  yours  due  last  week.     Kindly  ad- 
vise us  at  what  time  you  will  pay  the  same, 

Truly  yours, 


76 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


Miss  Loraine  Benton, 

Oakfield,  Wisconsin. 
Dear  Miss  Benton:     In  answer  to  your  letter  of-the  10th  inst.,  I  would 
advise  you  to  attend-the  university  if  you-have-a  chance  to-do-so.     If 
your  parents  are  willing  to  pay  your  expenses,  by  all  means  go. 

I-am  well  acquainted  with  Henry  Spencer  who  will-be  one  of  your 
teachers. 

Tshall  look  for-your  answer  next  Wednesday. 

Yours  truly, 


Mr.  Burton  Allen, 

Salisbury,  Maryland. 
Dear  Sir:  I-think  I-shall  leave  for  Kansas  next  Monday  at  noon.  Our 
company  has-an  option  on  several  sections  of  land  down  there,  and  -is 
sending  me  to  hunt  up  buyers,  so  I-shall-have  to  cancel-the  engagement 
I-have  in  Pine  County  for  next  Wednesday.  Henry  Jones,  who-is-a 
physician,  is  going  along  with  me. 

Very  truly, 


Gentlemen :  We-beg  to  acknowledge  your  letter  of  the  9th  instant,  ask- 
ing us  to  send  you  seven  cars  of  especially  strong  pine  poles  to  be  used 
for  telephone  and  telegraph  purposes. 

Shall  we  send  these  poles  via  Canton,  or  how-do  you  wish  them  sent  ? 
Kindly  advise  us  at-once. 

Yours-truly, 


Miss  Pauline  Evans, 

Ogden,  Utah. 
Dear  Miss  Evans :     I-have-been  told  that  you-have  finished  a  course  in 
stenography,  and-that  you  wish  to-take-a  position  at-once. 

The  office  of-the  Danish  consul  is  advertising  for-a  stenographer. 
If  you-can-do-the  work  satisfactorily,  I-am  very  certain  that- the  posi- 
tion is  yours  for- the  asking;  but,  if  you-are-not  able  to  hold  such-a  po- 
sition, do-not  ask  for  it  but  arrange  to  keep  up  your  study  for  another 
month,  or  as-long-as-it-is  necessary  for  you  to-do-so. 

Work  for  efficiency.  Make  haste  slowly.  Remember,  as-soon-as 
you-are  ready,  there-is-a  good  position  for  you. 

I  should  like  to  hear  about  this  matter  at-once,  and  learn  whether 
or-not  you-are  actually  ready  to-go  to  work. 

Yours-truly, 


V 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


-^     ^f>-°   ^< 


^    '    \'   t} 


^    "   '    J 


^rx 


.X     ;    ^  X 


-^J- 


^V 


■>         x  ^^"  V>  > 


_^ X sJL 


^ 


.     "t      V       /\ 


^T 


Ax 


"C 


/-        J 


— x  N  ^         ^7 


~Z^ 


^ 


\ 


r'  ^     )         *    * 


Xr^ 


J 


\     \\^ 


r 


V 


y  c^ 


T 


^^-^^ 


1  i— 


-w 


j^-^  1  ^  j 


l  'J     <r  °  i 


4- 


v 


y(\-°^  s  ^  . ^^ w  \» 


^> 


^      v> 


y 


-7  A    ^JU    v  ^  "    U   ^~     ' 


\       Q   S ~/  /[      S~  ^ 


.V. CL 


— V 


Y- 


Dear  Sir : — Will  you  be  able  to  pay  us  as  much  as  $450  dollars  on 
your  account,  which  is  long  past  due,  by  the  first  of  next  month? 
Kindly  answer  this  letter  by  return  mail. 

Very  truly, 


78 


USES  OF  THE  T,  D  HOOK 

1.  The  sound  of  T  or  D,  final,  preceded  by  a  curved  stroke,  is  ex- 
pressed by  a  small  semi-circle  opening  to  the  right,  or  to  the  left,  and 
joined  angularly.  The  semi-circle  that  forms  the  best  joining  with  the 
stroke  should  be  used. 


V 


V 


.fate 
vote 


-v 


^L 


thought 
laid 


.made 
.night 


y      sheet 
_S ate 


2.  The  sound  of  T  or  D,  preceded  by  a  straight  stroke,  is  expressed 
by  a  small  final  hook  written  on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch, 
J,  H,  Wh;  and  on  the  upper  side  of  K,  G,  Ray  and  Ou  strokes. 


^ 


put 
bed 

-i tight 

1 .did 


/ 


/ 


/ 


cheat 
head 
jet 
whet 


S 


cut 
God 
right 
out 


3.     A  small  semi-circle,  opening  upward  or  downward,  and  joined 
finally  to  any  stroke  at  an  angle,  expresses  the  sound  of  ts  or  dz. 


X, 


.X 


s, 


L 


.fits 
.wits 
aids 
pets 
bets 
jets 
cuts 


s* 


outs 


/ 


heats 


-^-y — votes 
.—■^    meets 


whets 

%t_  goods 


_Z^a quits 

y"      shuts 

J2 =pits 

.debts 


JL 


r^     lights 
^~     nights 
sweets 
smites 


-^— — writes 

states 

—  skates 
spreads 
-thoughts 


No 


L 


N, 


jL=>> Jetsam 

.Methodism 


4.      Final  sts  may  be  expressed  by  the  S  circle  and  the  ts  semi-circle. 

^— — rest  — * dust  ^  a      npgts 

'       rests  — * dusts  *-*» — mists 


\,      posts 
^ fists 


79 


USES  OF  THE  T-D  HOOK  AND  T  AND  D  STROKES 

1.     The  semi-circle  for  T  or  D  may  be  dotted  to  express  D  only  where 
it  is  deemed  necessary  or  advisable  to  distinguish  between  final  T  or  D. 
V      fight  y       vat  /^     late  ^-^ — .  might 


\       fade 


.vat 
void 


lead 


.mode 


2.     Final  D  may  be  joined  at  an  angle  on  any  straight  stroke,  if  nec- 
essary to  differentiate  D  from  T. 

/ 


N,      bet 

\ bid 


\j_    peat 
\— .     paid 


i 


hot 
head 


uL 


write 
read 


3.  A  large  final  semi-circle  opening  to  the  right  or  left,  and  joined 
angularly  to  any  stroke,  expresses  the  final  syllables  tet,  ted,  det,  ded. 
Where  greater  exactitude  is  desired,  the  strokes  t-d,  d-d,  may  be  used. 


V 


faded 


J_ 


\ 


.  shouted 
.sprouted 
.stated 
deeded 
.outvoted 


posted 


V  voted 

/^        loaded 

. — c        netted 

^V         quitted 

4.     The  T  and  D  strokes,  modified  by  a  wide  initial  hook  on  the  right 
hand  side,  expresses  Tw-  and  Dw-  respectively. 


x 

/\i raided 

^  o        nested 
l-i  decided 


recited 


\p      boasted 
—4 attested 

f_ad  justed 

_L  ousted 


L 


L 


.twice 

-twist 


JL 
JL 


.twine 
-  twenty 


£ 


I 


twined 
dwell 
-twig 


-L Dwight 

_1^ — Dwyer 
dwelling 


t>— 


rTs       tweezers      V_L twilight 

5.     T  stroke  initial,  disjoined,  expresses  the  prefix  Trans. 
1\,       transpose      IV    ^  transfix        -^transposed        1^>     transmission 

transpire        1         transact         -lVx-  transfusion      |\»      transposition 


|/*     translate        1 1       transit  -^-transparent      \/~jr  transmarine 

|^-^    transmutes    1U,     transfuse      _L=s_  transalpine      W/°  transparency 


80 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  ABOVE  PRINCIPLES 


-^ — -Past,  p-st 
-^ — Pats,  p-ts 
^s*-  Pasty,  p-sty 
N      ,  Opposite 

y    -p-s-t 

V    Best,  b-st 
\«     Beats,  b-ts 
\      Bestow,  b-sto 


Beset,  b-s-t 


\        Obsessed, 

*>        -bs-st 

X ,  Taste,  t-st 

_L Tights,  t-ts 

Tasty,  t-sty 

i Tacit,  t-s-t 

L Tastes,  t-sts 

Tasted,  t-st-d 

J, Dust,  d-st 

L Dusty,  d-sty 

U      Deceit,  d-s-t 

_h Decide,  d-s-d 

1 Debts,  d-ts 

4 Dusts,  d-sts 


I 


-^-Rust,  r-.yf 
-^— -Rusts,  r-.sty 
/i    Rusty,  r-.yfy 
s\     Receipt,  r-s-t 
si     Reside,  r-s-d 
A    Residue,  r-s-du 
S1   Ruts,  r-ts 
.  /      Reads,  r-ds 

A Haste,  h-st 

J       Hasty,  h-sty 
A. Hates,  h-ts 


^r 


s~k     Must,  m-st 
Musty,  m-sty 
Meets,  m-ts 
Mists,  m-sts 
^— g    Nest,  n-^f 
>^a/    Nests,  «-^^ 
Nasty,  n-jfy 
Nets,  n-to 
Needs,  n-rfj 
Nested,  n-st-d 


^f 


— ^ —  Positions, 

p-s-shnns 

— \- —  Opposition, 

^        -p-s-shun 

\a     Abscission, 

.  -bs-shun 

— L —  Decision 

,«  d-s-shun 

-^— —  Recissions 

r-s- shuns 

>     Accession, 

-ks-shun 

7*    Causation, 

k-s-shun 


~^     Acquisition, 
-qu-s-sliiin 
XL-  Deluded,  rf-/-rf-rf 


V*  Polluted,  />-/-/-</ 
I  ^    Denoted,  d-n-t-d 
_^ Dusted,  d-jf-d 


xf,    Rusted,  r-jf-d 
Va      Feasted,  /-.tf-rf 


s-».      Masted,  m-st-d 
1 Toasted,  t-st-d 


"t- 


/I,     Lasted,  /-.rt-d 
y       Posted,  p-st-d 

Accosted,  -k-st-d 
v  1  Affected,  -/-fef-rf 
V  Affectionate, 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


81 


pate,  p-t 

need,  ;z-rf 

Maud,  m-d 

slit,  sl-t 

date,  d-t 

kite,  k-t 

bowed,  b-d 

fit,  /-* 

gate,  g-t 

right,  r-f 

cowed,  k-d 

lit,  l-t 

hate,  h-t 

bide,  &d 

loud,  l-d 

bid,  6-d 

jade,  j-d 

died,  d-d 

spout,  sp-t 

did,  d-d 

fade,  j-d 

guide,  g-d 

toyed,  t-d 

kid,  k-d 

late,  l-t 

ride,  r-d 

Loyd,  l-d 

rid,  r-d 

made,  m-d 

hide,  /i-d 

pat,  p-t 

pot,  p-t 

shade,  sh-d 

fight,  /-f 

bat,  b-t 

bought,  b-t 

state,  st-t 

light,  l-t 

chat,  ch-t 

tot,  M 

skate,  sk-t 

might,  m-t 

gad,  g-d 

dot,  d-t 

beat,  b-t 

vied,  v-d 

cat,  &-£ 

rot,  r-£ 

hear,  &-r 

lied,  /-d 

scout,  sk-t 

spot,  sp-t 

bead,  b-d 

boat,  &-£ 

hat,  ft-/ 

jot,  /-# 

keyed,  k-d 

tote,  t-t 

rat,  r-t 

slot,  ^/-/ 

heed,  /i-d 

dote,  d-£ 

spat,  j£-£ 

fought,  f-t 

meet,  m-t 

coat,  k-t 

sprat,  j^r-/ 

thought,  th-t 

feed,  /-d 

goat,  #-f 

scat,  sk-t 

pod,  p-d 

mead,  m-d 

wrote,  r-£ 

slat,  ^/-f 

rod,  r-d 

bite,  &-£ 

vote,  v-t 

vat,  v-t 

nod,  w-d 

tight,  M 

moat,  m-t 

lad,  /-d 

mud,  m-d 

white,  zvh-t 

note,  n-t 

mat,  ?«-£ 

scud,  .yfc-d 

tide,  /-d 

bode,  &-d 

mad,  m-d 

pates,  p-ts 

chide,  ch-d 

toad,  /-d 

gnat,  «-/ 

gates,  g-ta 

bait,  &-£ 

code,  k-d 

shad,  sh-d 

spades,  ,?/>-d.j 

Kate,  #-* 

goad,  g-d 

pad,  />-d 

fates,  f-ts 

rate,  r-t 

rode,  r-d 

bad,  &-d 

beats,  &-fa 

paid,  />-d 

hoed,  A-d 

fad,  f-d 

cheats,  ch-ts 

raid,  r-d 

mowed,  ra-d 

pet,  />-* 

heeds,  h-ds 

fate,  f-f 

load,  l-d 

bet,  b-t 

speeds,  sp-ds 

laid,  /-d 

showed,  sh-d 

debt,  d-f 

feats,  f-ts 

mate,  m-t 

Butte,  B-t 

whet,  w/i-^ 

weeds,  zv-ds 

spade,  sp-d 

jute,  /-* 

let,  l-t 

bites,  b-ts 

straight,  str-t 

cute,  &-£ 

met,  m-£ 

chides,  ch-ds 

slate,  sl-t 

root,  r-t 

net,  n-t 

acquit,  -qu-t 

cheat,  ch-t 

hoot,  /&-/ 

sweat,  sw-t 

abode,  -b-d 

wheat,  wh-t 

feud,  f-d 

pit,  £-* 

sift,  s-ft 

deed,  d-d 

viewed,  v-d 

bit,  b-t 

street,  str-t 

read,  r-d 

mute,  w-£ 

writ,  r-£ 

summit,  s-m-t 

feet,  f-/ 

lute,  l-t 

hit,  h-t 

annoyed,  -n-d 

neat,  w-£ 

dude,  d-J 

whit,  w/z-J 

added,  -d-d 

lead,  l-d 

pawed,  p-d 

skit,  .?&-£ 

avoid,  -v-d 

82 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


guides,  g-ds 
slides,  sl-ds 
lights,    l-ls 
nights,   n-ts 
lots,   l-ts 
gods,   g-ds 
hods,  h-ds 
buds,  t-Ji 
spuds,  sp-ds 
thuds,   ih-ds 
baits,   b-ts 
jades,  j-ds 
hates,  /i-ts 
skates,  sfy-ts 
deeds,   d-ds 
reeds,  r-ds 
sleets,  sl-ts 
leads,   l-ds 
sheets,  sh-ts 
kites,  k-ls 
fights,  f-ls 
boats,   b-ts 
goads,  g-ds 
coats,   l(-ts 
votes,  V-ts 
roots,  r-ts 
dudes,  d-ds 
scouts,  sfy-ts 
bats,    b-ts 
rats,  r-/s 
spats,  sp-ls 
mats,  m-fe 
pets,  p-<« 
debts,  d-ts 
heads,  h-ds 
lets,  l-ts 
sweats,  sie-ls 
spits,  sp-ta 
fits,  f-ls 
pots,   p-fs 
dots,    d-ts 


nods,  n-ds 

pitted,    p-ted 

goats,  g-/s 

nodded,  n-ded 

moats,   771 -is 

budded,  b-ded 

toads,  f-d* 

baited,    b-led 

hoots,  h-ts 

dated,    d-led 

lutes,    /-ta 

rated,  r-led 

spouts,  «p-/s 

hated,  h-ted 

pats,    p-ts 
hats,   /i-fe 

faded,   f-ded 

mated,  tn-led 

slats,  sl-ts 

waded,   ro-ded 

vats,  v-fa 

shaded,  sh-ded 

gnats,  n-ts 

spaded,  sp-ded 

jets,  }--ts 

beaded,  b-ded 

whets,  lvh-ts 

deeded,  d-ded 

nets,    n-ts 

needed,    n-ded 

hits,  /i-ts 

guided,   g-ded 

slits,   s/-ts 

lighted,  l-led 

wits,   IV- ts 

slighted,  sl-ted 

jots,  /-is 

goaded,  g-ded 

gods,  g-ds 

loaded,   l-ded 

duds,  d-ds 

slated,  sl-ted 

thuds,  t/i-ds 

skated,  s^-ted 

apt,  -pt 

netted,  n-ted 

aft,  -/t 

squatted,  squ-led 

act,  -ki 

jaded,  j-ded 

ant,  -71/ 

jotted,   j-ted 

ebbed,  -id 

raided,   r-ded 

etched,  -chl 

doubted,    d-ted 

egged,  -gd 

Boyd,   B-d 

oft,  -ft 

rides,  r-ds 

edged,  -jd 

tights,   t-ts 

patted,   p-ted 

nuts,  n-ts 

batted,    b-ied 

buds,  b-ds 

chatted,  ch-ted 

whetted,  U>h-led 

fatted,    f-ted 

guided,   g-ded 

padded,  p-ded 

voted,  V-ted 

matted,   m-ted 

doited,  d-led 

petted,   p-ted 

fitted-   f-ted 

abetted,  -b-led 

stated,  sl-ted 

leaded,    l-ded 

heeded,  h-ded 

sledded,  sl-ded 

spotted,   sp-ted 

Ment,  final,  preceded  by  a  consonant  sound,  in  words  of  two  or 
more  strokes,  may  be  expressed  by  nt  loop. 


^\    shipment 
\        pavement 


~u 


testament 
-sentiment 


/    judgment 
yf    regiment      °\ 


_  attachment 
detachment 


83 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


^      Forward 
Afterward 

(^ Onward 

^•v     Leeward 
I  Downward 

[/      Downright 
For  the 
For  one 


S> 


^ 


-J- 


Which  one 
If  one 
It  is  one 
Which  is  one 
y?      There  is  one 


^-j — He  said 

-4r He  says 

— — How  is  it 
— , —  I  said 


k 


— k — I  think  so 
A55— H  so 


^2Tl_In  no 

2^L — In  our 
-4=^— -Just  now 
/^-^Last  time 
w.„.  Long  ago 

I It  would  not 

w\  -You  would  not  have 


S     Where  is  one  — £& — You  were  not 
s^—c — 

At  one  ^ He  is  not  a 

, At  one  time  J~*   She  is  not  the 

Every  one  ^\    .1  will  not  think 
^       I  will 
^       I  will  see 
w~     I  will  not 

I  will  have 


-That  is  all 
C? )  That  is  so 
(x       This  afternoon 

Cause  to  be 
^  o     Knows  it  to  be 

_2 So  as  to 

J       So  as  to  be 
At  the  time 
At  no  time 
At  the  same  time 
At  some  time 
At  such  time 
(      At  this  time 

IT" 

At  any  time 


% 


^1 


t—f 


^ 


1  Every  such  case 
^o  Express  purpose 
\Z\  Fellow  citizens 

For  as  much  as  it 


At  what  time 
At  which  time 
So  as  to  do 


) So  as  to  go 

As  you  are 


J 


As  von  are  not 


-#• 


■Y 


As  you  know 


84 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 

Miss  Marietta  Reed, 

New  Bedford,  Mass. 
Dear  Miss  Reed:       We-have  just   opened   up-a   new    store   on    Fourth 
Street  and  Second  Avenue.    We  carry  the  finest  stock  of  furs  and  winter 
coats  in-the  city.     Our  goods  are  of  a  better  quality  than  you-can-find 
anywhere-else  in-the  city.    We  have-a  carload  lot  of  fine  wash  silks,  also. 

If,  at-any-time,  you-should  need  anything  in  our  line,  you-should- 
not  hesitate  to  let-us-know  and  we  may  be  able  to  furnish  you  with  what- 
you  want.    Any  goods  will-be  sent  by  mail  to  out  of  town  purchasers. 

We  hope  we  can-be  of  some  assistance  to  you,  and  should  like  to 
receive  an  answer  at-an  early-date. 

Yours-truly,  (128) 

Albert  Whitehouse, 

Big  Rapids,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir:  We-have-your  letter  of  the  15th  inst.  stating  that-the  deed 
on-your  house  and  lot  in  New  London  is  lost.  We-are  very  sorry  if 
such-is-the  case.  On-the  2nd  day  of  August  we  sent  you- the  deed, 
and  hope  that  you-have  received  it  by-this-time.  Write-us  to-day  and 
let-us-know  whether  or-not  the  deed  has  reached  you. 

Yours-truly,  (76) 

Dear  Sir:  We-have  written  you  again-and-again ;  in  fact,  every-day 
of  the  week  for-the  last  ten-days.  Therefore,  it-seems-to-me  that  you- 
should  acknowledge  our  letters.  You-may-not  know  how-many  we- 
have  sent  you,  but  I-ask-that  if  it-is  possible  you  write-us  at-once.  You- 
would-not-have  to  answer  all  of-them  as  you  are  very  busy  with  your 
work;  but,  as  you-know,  it-is-necessary  to  acknowledge  business  cor- 
respondence. The  letters  were  sent  to  your  office,  and  if  you-were-there 
when-the  office  received  them,  I-beg-to-say  to  you  that  for-the  sake 
of  your  business,  you-should-not-have  overlooked  this  matter. 

Do  you  mean  to  be  on-the  square  with-us?  For  sometime  there 
has-been  some  doubt  in  our  mind  as-to  your  honesty  of  purpose.  For- 
instance,  the  checks  you  wrote  out  for-us  were  returned  half-an-hour 
ago,  and-we-were  told  that  you-have-not  had-a  bank  account  with-that 
bank.  It-is-a  serious  offense  to  write  out  bogus  checks ;  it-is,  and  always 
has-been,  against-the  laws  of  Minnesota  even  to  attempt  to  deceive  in 
such-a  way  as  you-have-done  in  this  matter.  Nevertheless,  if  you-will 
make  things  right  with-us  now,  everything  will-be  satisfactory. 

Let-us-know  by-return-mail. 

Yours-truly,  (236) 

Dear  Sir: — Your  order  for  forty  books  just  received  this  A.  M.  We 
will  print,  bind  and  ship  them  to  you  by  Monday,  July  10th.  Trust- 
ing this  will  be  satisfactory  to  you,  we  are, 

Yours  truly, 


85 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


v- 


V 


^L_U_ 


^f" 


.V 


/     K. 


s* 


^ 


f-"-v^< 


^ 


^/^K.    -j 


V- 


lis <■■ 


-^-r^i 


f 


^^^ 


■\~^.i 


X 


4-^— ^-^ "^oil  ~\-q    -  f 


y^ 


// 


^s£. 


M     I.  •'/'^-/T/* 


-^M- 


■f 


V~^ 


^L 


1 


~v 


^x 


7 


V  "  '"^"T    V^n^J<  ^ 


^=^- 


5 


W 


V, 


x-^ /      "     c     /J 


r^  A 


/V-f^l 


* 


U  c  ^ 


^^r+ 


^ L 


^  I  ^  -^  "  x  7^ 


^ 


i, 


t— fc* 


-r-—^ 


-I 


^       ,       v.     ^       ^ 


vrr 


^=^ 


* 


Mini  final,  after  T  hook  or  V  loop,  may  be  represented  by  ent. 
^__  apartment  ^_  achievement  _\^_  abatement 


86 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 

E.  E.  Gard, 

Port  Huron,  Mich. 
Dear  Sir:  I  write  to  let  you-know  that  I-have-been  appointed  guardian 
for-the  heirs  of  the  late  Harriet  Metz.  Harriet  Metz,  widow  of  the  late 
Goodrich  Metz,  died  a-year-ago,  and  left  her  whole  estate  to  her  two  sons, 
Hubert  and  Whitney.  The  boys  are-not  yet  of  age,  and-the  courts  ad- 
vised that-a  guardian  be  appointed  at-once. 

The  debts  on-the  estate  are  quite  large,  and  must-be  paid  within 
two  years.  The  boys  must-be  sent  away  to  be  educated,  and  they  are 
delighted  to-go.  They  are  dignified  and  handsome  appearing  young-men, 
and  are-not  addicted  to  any  bad  habits.  Will  you  kindly  write  me  and 
suggest  some  good  school  for  boys,  as  I  want  them  to  attend  one  of  the 
very-best  schools  in-the  United-States  (U.  S.). 

Very-truly,  (146) 

Gast's  Wholesale  House, 

Joliet,  111. 
Gentlemen :  I-wish  you-would  send  me  the  following  goods : 

One  white  iron  bed, 

Two  medium-sized  settees, 

One  Panama  hat,  with  ribbons  to  match, 

One  red  woolen  jacket  for-a  child  nine  years  old, 

Forty  feet  dark  red  striped  hall  carpet. 
Send  directions  how  the  carpet  should-be  laid  and  matched. 

Yours-truly,  (59) 

Robt.  H.  Boyd, 
Aurora,  111. 
Dear  Sir:  The  goods  you  shipped  me  last  Monday  reached  me  to-day, 
but  they  look  as  though  they  had-been  damaged  by  fire.  It-seems  strange 
that  you  send  out  goods  that  are-not  fit  to  be  laid  on-a  counter.  The  red 
woolen  jacket  was  faded  in  spots;  the  curtain  goods  were  spotted  with 
red,  and  cannot  be  used ;  so  I-have  had-the  goods  packed  and  shipped 
back  to  you. 

Yours-truly,  (79) 
Leroy  Finan, 

Fort  Smith,  Ark. 
Dear  Sir:       I-have-your    letter  of  the  17th  inst.  advising  me  to  buy 
stock  in-your-company. 

I-have  every  reason  to-think  that  it  would-be-a  good  business  scheme, 
but  at-this-time  I-do-not  feel  that  I-have-the  money  to  pay  for  it.  I-have 
suffered  such  heavy  losses  of  late  that  I-have  all  I-can-do  to  pay  up  my 
old  debts.  If  I-find  that  I-can  spare  a-few  thousand-dollars,  I-shall 
buy  some  stock  in-your-company  very-soon. 

Yours-truly,  (98) 


87 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


>  r>\>~  ^  ^i^rvi   v   ^  '  ^  ^* 


1 


i 


^r 


N^ 


tr 


X 


~Z 


V. 


w   fi 


-fi  c-^ 


^7: 


-v^/  ->_k 


^r 


<*  i  ^ 


<H 


w 


/  \.    C^ 


^  '  V  ^c  ') 


_x i o    ^ 


(  ^"C(  J    u/  NVV^^(  n   ^-(^VN^- 


)  V  —  x- 


^ 


=d I 


^T 


c>    -     ^ 


■— f 


^-^: 


^^  s 


^>^  ^ 


^ 


^v 


^_L 


3^ 


<p^x 


\  X    VU 


^v 


S:      / 


4 ^°  v  ^(  -y  N 


-^ 


V 


\   C    ^  \ 


^  x — ^L 


J~ — I 


"-c- 


88 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


-=5, — Against  us 
^\      Always  was 
^   Ami 

Among  us 

I It  is  not 

x  „    Are  there 
o        As  such 
As  your 
\    .    Beg  to  say 


Again  and  again 
7/       And  were  you  the 
1  At  an  early  date 

i  n      Before  you  were 
!•>        Day  of  the  week 

Day  of  the  month 


-\^ — And  have  been 
.1  have  done 


.Is  not  the 


_A__ Anything  else 
v— *"£  Any  where  else 


"T 


\ 


Do  you  mean  to  be 


v^y     For  his  own  account    yA 
v         For  the  purpose  of 


_s^o_By  express       1         For  the  sake  of 
Ever  been         ^"^    Here  and  there 


Va       For  us 


sQ 


H 


How  many 


How  long  is  it 
"""^      I  do  not  think  so 


--^-^  I  remain 
c^-^    We  remain 


^-Os    I  sent 
^t_I  ask  that 


*sr 


If  it  is 


^ 


*r 


Long  after        ■  a/ 


Round  about 


^      Kouna  apout    .  iq 
,<--> — ^  Seems  to  me 


Bank  account 
.  But  one,  but  not 
Earlier  than 
For  instance 
For  some  time 
Half  an  hour 
In  our  own 
Has  not  been 


hope  you  will 
am  not  to  be 
should  not  do 

t  is  necessary 

f  these  are 

f  you  were  there 

f  you  would  see 
Right  or  wrong 


f  I     I  think  it  is 


I  would  say 


—f 

,/         lust  such  as 
J       Larger  than 


s2 


S    May  be  able 
What  would  you 


^        Would  you  not 
&>        Were  you  not 


89 


USES  OF  F-V  LOOP  AND  HOOK 

1.  A  small  final  loop  may  be  written  on  the  right  hand  side  of  strokes 
P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch,  J,  H,  Wh,  and  on  the  upper  side  of  K,  G,  Ray  and  Ou, 
to  express  the  sound  of  F  or  V  not  followed  by  a  vowel  sound.  This 
loop  is  carried  across  the  stroke  to  add  T  or  D,  thereby  expressing  ft,  vd. 


\*. 


Nl 


X 


pave 
_paves 
paved 
dive 


give 
gift 


T, 


c      gifted 
\ above 


/ 


I 


achieved 
hoofs 
whiffed 
strive 


f 


A 


derived 

chieftains 

restive 


.positive 


The  F-V  loop  may  be  joined  angularly  to  a  stroke  to  express  //. 
reflect  /*~      reflection    inflict  ^       inflection 


3.  A  large  medial  hook  (same  as  final  Shun  hook)  may  be  written 
on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Ch  and  J,  and  on  the  upper  side 
of  K,  G  and  Ray,  to  express  the  sound  of  F  or  V  followed  by  a  vowel 
sound.  A  vowel  sound  does  not  follow  the  stroke  preceded  by  the  F-V 
hook,  unless  the  stroke  is  lengthened 


V —    befog 
Vi       pivot 


devote 

devotee 


It— -?  deafness       u — '    defect 
lr— 9  deafens 


.reverie 


4.     Tive,  medial  or  final,  may  be  expressed  by  a  semi-ellipse,  open- 
ing either  in  the  direction  of  Ray  or  Cha,  and  joined  angularly  to  the 
stroke  preceding. 
active  >,  €.      native  \ vocative       y^  ablative 


activeness 


motive 


amative 


operative 


5.     Tiate,  ciate  (sheate)  is  expressed  by  C  circle  and  T  stroke,  vowel- 
ized  with  A . 


-negotiate 


associate 


emaciate 


6.     Tiveness,  may.  be  expressed  by  the  Tens  stroke  written  through 
the  preceding  part  of  a  word. 


-f 


activeness 


positiveness 


relativeness 


90 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


foreign,  /-r-n 
sprocket,   spr-k-l 
tangent,   t-nj-nl 
rudiment,  r-d-m-nl 
council,  k,-ns-l 
census,  s-na-s 
legend,  l-j-nd 
rabbit,    r-b-t 
famine,  f-m-n 
assets,  -s-ls 
veranda,   v-r-nd- 
rusticate,   r-si-fc-1 
pilot,  p-l-t 
guidance,    g-d-ns 
admonition,  -dm-n-shun 
comet,   fc-m-1 
stupid,   st-p-d 
handicap,  h-nd-k-p 
landau,  l-ndat» 
navigate,   n-v-g-1 
appendix,  -p-nd-l^s 
pencil,   p-nt-l 
patent,   p-t-nt 
response,    r-sp-ns 
reckon,  r-k~n 
dynamite,  d-n-m-t 
accountant,   -\-nl-nt 
audit,  aud-l 
debit,  d-b-t 
agitate,    -j-t-i 
humane,  h-m-n 
copious,  k'P" s 
pendant,   p-nd-nt 
wainscot,   n>-nst(-t 
saucer,    s-s-r 
teapot,  t-p-t 
tureen,  l-r-n 
agate,  -g-t 
etching,  -ching 
illusion,  -l-shun 
pica,  p-£- 

desolation,  d-s-l-shun 
casement,  fy-sm-nl 
lodgment,   l-jm-nt 
basket,   fc-s%-f 
storage,  st-r-j 
cogent,  \-j-nt 
ascend,    -s-nd 
diminution,   d-m-n-shun 
dainty,  d-nty 
descend,  d-t-nd 
elocution,    -l-qu-shun 
capacious,  fc-p-s/i-s 


damask,  d-m-jfc 
catechism,  £-/-£-s/n 
hurricane,  h-r-^-n 
mesmerize,   m-tm-r-z 
monotone,   m-n-l-n 
stagnant,  st-gn-nt 
parasol,  p-r-s-l 
reciprocate,  r-s-pr-^-t 
opulent,  -p-l-nt 
screen,    ifyr-n 
vitaphone,  v-l-f-n 
kinetic,  \-n-t-\ 
abscond,   -bs^-nd 
rheostat,  r—sl-t 
telephone,   l-l-f-n 
electioneer,    -l-^shun-r 
facility,  f-t-l-ty 
labyrinth,  l-b-r-nth 
region,  r-j-n 
chicken,  ch-\-n 
pigeon,  p-j-n 
animosity,    -n-m-s-ty 
factions,  f-^shuns 
absolute,  -os-l-t 
lariat,  l-r—l 
cement,  s-m-nl 
rummage,   r-m-j 
gasoline,    g-s-l-n 
sponge,  sp-nj 
resolute,  r-s-l-t 
tabasco,   l-b-s^o 
tenacious,  l-n-sh-t 
appellate,  -p-l-l 
cohesive,   l(-h-s-v 
ferocious,  f-r-th-s 
giant,  j--nl 
scallop,  sl(-l-p 
scrutiny,  sfcr-Z-ny 
leaven,    l-v-n 
checkrein,  ch-fyr-n 
stirrup,  sl-r-p 
lassitude,    l-s-t-d 
disparage,  d-sp-r-j 
dungeon,    d-nj-n 
affix,  -/-£s 
appetite,  -p-l-t 
ethics,   -i/i-fcs 
mutilate,  m-l-l-l 
tendency,  t-nd-nsy 
locket,  l-k-t 
optician,  -pt-shun 
pendulum,    p-nd-l-m 
speculate,   sp-qu-l-l 


diligence,  d-l-j-ns 
obedience,   -b-d—ns 
genteel,  j-nt-l 
hemorrhage,   h-m-r-j 
accustom,   -i^-tl-m 
query,    qu-r}/ 
monotonous,   m-n-t-n-s 
destitute,    d-at-t-l 
epistle,   -p-s-l 
lucid,   l-s-d 
lacerate,  l-s-r-l 
laudanum,  l-d-n-m 
nicotine,    n-fc-<-n 
heinous,   h-n-s 
physician,  f-s-shun 
poison,   p-s-n 
respiration,  r-sp-r-shun 
diminish,   d-m-n-sh 
dissolute,    d-s-l-t 
ignition,   -gn-shun 
runabout,   r-n-b-t 
quorum,    qu-r-m 
tension,  t-nshun 
stations,    st-shuns 
pugnacious,  p-gn-sh-a 
dimension,  d-m-nahun 
tuition,   tshun 
mistletoe,   m-a-lto 
phantom,  f-nt-tn 
ballast,   b-l-si 
careen,   l(-r-n 
acquaintance,  -qu-nl-na 
benediction,    b-n-d-^ahun 
requisite,   r-qu-s-t 
veracious,  v-r-ah-a 
sluice,    sl-s 
advocate,   -dv-f(-t 
arraign,    -r-n 
pittance,  p-t-ns 
society,   a-a— 1\/ 
codicil,   fy-d-a-l 
defense,   d-f-ns 
obelisk,   -b-l-slt 
tolerate,  t-l-}-i 
homestead,    h-mst-d 
lynch,  l-nch 
mendacious,   m-nd-sh-s 
pandemonium,    p-nd-m-n—m 
maintain,    m  *W-n 
testimony,    t-at-m-ny 
unique,    un-}( 
tyranny,   l-r-ny 
ovation,   ov-shun 


WRITING  EXERCISE  CONTINUED 


91 


locomotive,  /-^-m-ii've 
raincoat,  r-n\-t 
absolute,    -bs-l-i 
allegation,   -l-g-shun 
disappoint,    d-s-p-nt 
abundance,    -b-nd-ns 
attestation,    -t-sl-shun 
coupon,   qu-p-n 
perusal,  p-r-s-l 
fiat,  f-i 

homicide,    h-m-s-d 
jurisdiction,   j-T-sd-\shun 
litigate,   l-i-g-l 
landscape,  l-ndsfy-p 
jostle,  j-s-l 
docile,    d-s-l 
pacific,  p-s-f-\ 
testament,   t-st-m-nt 
bayonet,  b—n-i 
resident,   r-s-d-nt 
fumigate,  f-m-g-l 


liquidate,   l-qu-d-t 
albumen,   -Ib-m-n 
meridian,    m-r-d—n 
dictionary,    d-\shun-r\} 
audience,  aud--ns 
aberration,    -b-r-shun 
currency,  £-r-nsj> 
minion,  m-ny-n 
obedient,  ob-d—nl 
behooves,    b-h-Vs 
penance,    p-n-ns 
woolen,   iv-l-n 
worsted,    TD-rst-d 
bobbin,   b-b-n 
succeed,  s-^s-d 
deleterious,   d-l-t-r—s 
benzine,    b-nz-n 
fugitive,   /-/-live 
pheasant,   f-z-nt 
theism,  ih—sm 
velocipede,   V-l-s-p-d 


affiliate,   -f-l-i 
Tennyson,    T-n-s-n 
hilarious,   h-l-r-s 
castigate,   1(-sl-g-t 
opaque,    op-k 
hygiene,  h-g-n 
myriad,   m-r~d 
oblivious,   -bl-V—s 
utensil,    ut-ns-l 
salvation,  s-lv-shun 
radiant,  r-d—nt 
license,   l-s-ns 
restitution,  r-st-t-shun 
luscious,   l-sh-s 
coalition,  l^—l-shun 
violate,   V—l-l 
acetylene,   -s-t-l-n 
sustenance,    s-si-n-ns 
warehouse,  te-rh-s 
eyelet,   il-t 
aviation,  av—  shun 


THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

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92 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


E.  C.  Betz, 

Fort  Scott,  Kans. 
Dear  Sir:  It-is-necessary  that-the  balance  of  the  loan  you-made  on-your 
estate  in  Devon  County  be  paid  within  two  weeks ;  otherwise  we-shall- 
have  to-take-the  matter  up  with  our  attorney.    Our  notes  are  left  in-the 
Twin  City  State-Bank. 

Let-us-know  by-return-mail  what-you  decide  to-do  about-this  matter. 

Yours-truly,  (68) 

Mrs.  Bertha  Chafin, 

Quincy,  111. 
Dear  Madam:  At-this-time,  I-take  occasion  to  let  you-know  that-the 
rent  on-your  house  is-not  due  before-the  tenth  of  next  month.  Your 
mother  came  up  to  my  office  to-day  and  paid  it  in  advance,  so-that  you- 
would-not-have  to  bother  with-it.  She-is-not-the  party  who  was  up  here 
sometime-ago.    At-that-time,  however,  I  thought  it  was  she. 

As-your  mother  forgot-the  receipt,  I-will-see  that  it-is  sent  to  you 
when  we  send  your  tax  receipts  which  were  left  here  at-the-time  your 
husband  came  and  paid-the  rent. 

Hoping  this  will-be-satisfactory,  I  am, 
Yours-truly,  (119) 

J.  Lee  Porter, 

Springfield,  Mo. 
Dear  Sir :    I-am-in-receipt  of  a  letter  dated  June  4th,  written  by  Dwight 
Dyer,  and  sent  to  the  Transatlantic  Transit  Company  which-is-not  now 
transacting  business  in  the  United  States  (U.  S.),  Canada,  or  Europe. 

In  his  letter  he-says  that-the  European  war  has-a  bad  effect  on  busi- 
ness all  over-the  world.  Every-day  of  the  week  they  receive  letters 
stating  that  it-is  absolutely  necessary  to  ship  food  stuffs  to  Europe  every- 
day of  the  month  for-the-purpose-of  maintaining-the  support  of  the  army. 

If  I  hear  anything  else  about-this  matter,  I-will  write  you.  Hoping 
to  get  a  letter  at-an  early-date,  I  am, 

Yours-truly,  (120) 

The  Haven  Land  Company, 

Cascade,  Iowa. 
Gentlemen :  Your  letter  dated  June  8th  received.  You  say  you-have-a 
lot  for-sale  40x140  feet.  If -the  lot  is  located  right  and-is  in  a  good 
neighborhood,  I-will  make  you  an  offer  on-it.  I-have-not  got-the  money 
just  now,  but  will  give  you  notes  in  payment.  Let  me  know  what-has- 
been  bid  on-the  lot  you  are  advertising  for-sale. 

Very-truly,  (80) 


93 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


lA. 


\/^  r  , 


v 


"T 


_v_ 


( 


3T— V 


_^=, 


\ 


L_ 


-^=0- 


t 


^~*c 


H 


_N„ JQ -, 2. aA_ 


__i=« -■ — j     *      S ? -,     \ 

V 


M  - N- 1  -  J 


£-4 


../.. 


L,   .^-P  /  r  /-\ 


^v=^^  -  <,    ^ 


^_ 


*t_  u  £ 


^L 


3 


(       ^y^a.\A. 


Nc 


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W~ 


My  dear  Sir: — We  have  been  told  fey  A.  O.  Jones  of  this  city  that  you 
are  thinking  of  buying  a  farm  very  soon.  If  so,  we  ask  you  to  see  us 
at  your  earliest  opportunity. 

Yours  truly, 


94 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


E.  C.  Stotts, 

Everett,  Wash. 
Dear  Sir:     Last  night  the  City-Council  met  and  passed  the   following 
resolutions : 

(1)  To  put  in  a  new  cement  sidewalk  on  Benson  Street;  (2) 
that-the  main  street  designated  as  Robert  Street  leading  to  the  outskirts 
of  the  city  be  paved,  and  (3)  that-the  neighborhood  be  lighted  as-well- 
as-the  down  town  wards. 

The  council  will  meet  again  next  Wednesday  when  anyone  will-be 
allowed  to  attend     its    meeting  and  offer  suggestions.     I  hope  to-see 


you  there. 


Yours-truly,  (88) 


David  Elliot, 

Butte,  Mont. 
Dear  Sir:     Your  letter  dated  June  14th  received  less-than  half-an-hour 
ago. 

If  you  are  going  to  sue  the  Hackett  Stock  Food  Company,  I  advise- 
that  you  retain-an  able  attorney.  As  you-know,  I-shall-not-be-in-the  city 
at-the-time  the  court  convenes,  as  it-is-necessary  that  I  leave  for  Daven- 
port this  afternoon  and  I-shall-be  away  for  sometime.  I  hope  you-will- 
be  able  to  secure  a  good  attorney,  and  when  your-case  is  disposed  of, 
write  and  let  me  know  how  things  turn  out. 

With  best  wishes  for-vour  success,  I  am 

Very-truly,  (109) 

Byron  &  Stevens, 

Lansing,  Mich. 
Dear  Sirs :  Our  several  letters  sent  you  during-the  past  month  in  regard 
to  our  elegant  line  of  window  shades,  window  screens,  and  screen  doors, 
either  did-not  reach  you,  or  you-were  too  much  occupied  to-give  the 
subjects  mentioned  the  consideration  they  should-have.  We-take  it 
that  this-is-the  reason  we-have-not  received  an  answer  to  our  letters. 

We  have  made-the  manufacture  of  shades  and  screens  a  study  for 
many  years,  and  are  making-a  particular  kind  in  either  line  that  cannot-be 
equalled  elsewhere. 

We  desire  to  convince  you  of-this,  and  for-that  reason  we-are  anx- 
ious to  receive  a  letter  very-soon.  If  you-are-not  in-a- position  to  buy  our 
goods  now,  we-beg-to-say  to  you  that,  if  at  any  future  time  you  wish  to 
consider  the  purchase  of-them,  we-shall-be  ready  to  favor  you. 

We-will  mail  you  a  copy  of  our  large  catalogue,  and  give  you  all 
particulars  upon  request. 

Yours-truly,  (174) 


95 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


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W 


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W*  v,HL^'y  J  ^^f< 


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Y 


^a 


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As G_ 


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U-- -~v»         (o 


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N»J    h 


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■^r 


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1  "T ; 


96 


THE  L  HOOK  STROKES 


1.  The  sound  of  L  blends  with  that  of  P,  B,  K,  G,  F,  forming  the 
consonant  combinations  P1-,  B1-,  K1-,  G1-,  F1-.  A  vowel  sound  always 
follows  these  blended  or  coalescent  consonants. 

2.  The  sound  of  L  blended  as  above  shown,  is  expressed  by  a  small 
initial  hook  on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B  and  F,  and  on  the  upper  side 
of  K  and  G.  The  S  circle  is  written  within  the  L  hook  on  PI-  and  Kl- 
for  Spl-  and  Ski-. 

3.  These  L  hook  strokes  are  used  in  all  positions ;  also  initially,  me- 
dially and  finally.    They  are  formed  half  length  to  add  T  or  D. 


flounces 


disclosed 


v^       flown 
\         spleen 
\         splendid 

_5b blended 

<-    '-^  claim 
,    ^   acclaim 
c— n glance 


A  displaced 

/  ~     reclined 


■V 


.applies 
application 


\     ^  obligation 
S.  appliances 


Z\__  reply 
.1 doubly 


"V 


supply 


c^7  glycerine 
\^vplainness 
y      playhouse 


/*~ 


blacken  \      plenteous 

Black  Hand     \     pliant 


declaim 


v— n    blame 
-\— .  blanch 
^    blandish 
V~n   blossom 
t=^  clayey 
^=e>_  glances 
s — o  client 
fleshy 
Flemish 
r         gluey 
<— £  ~  glossary 


aglows 
_acclaims 
^y  florid 
vJ*-~^  florescence 

c afflictions 

flagstone 
replenish 
clandestine 


— ^ 


J  "J  decline 
/^  replete 
applaud 


97 


THE  L  HOOK  STROKES  CONTINUED 


1.  The  L  hook  strokes  may  be  written  in  First  Position  to  express 
the  initial  syllables  am,  em,  im,  om,  um  before  PI-  and  Bl- ;  and  to  ex- 
press an,  en,  in,  on,  un  before  K1-,  Gl-  and  F1-. 


\ 


ply 
imply 

<^ apply 

supplied 


V^    blame 
^~^   emblem 


V^    ; 


v-^    emblason 
implicate 


implement 
clean 
unclean 
inclined 


closed 
enclosed 
glazed 
unglazed 


2.  The  brief  semi-circle  which  expresses  ts,  dz,  may  be  employed 
finally  on  the  L  hook  strokes;  or,  the  strokes  may  be  formed  half-length 
with  final  S  circle  to  express  ts,  dz.  Words  having  a  common  outline, 
as  bleats  and  bleeds;  fleets  and  floods,  may  be  differentiated,  where 
deemed  advisable,  by  employing  the  half-length  principle  for  ts,  and  the 
semi-circle  for  dz. 


\ 


__  plot 

plots 

V       plods 


blot 


So 


_So_  blots 
\>   .  bleeds 


clot 

clots 

clods 


glut 

gluts 

glades 


3.  The  L  hook  strokes  do  not  join  facilely  to  medial  circles,  hooks 
and  loops.  Therefore,  a  consonant  stroke  may  be  formed  one-quarter 
length  to  express  al,  el,  il,  ol,  ul,  after  the  sound  of  the  shortened  stroke, 
where  such  syllables  occur  medially  or  finally  after  a  circle,  hook  or  loop. 
The  quarter-length  B  stroke  modified  by  T  hook  expresses  the  ending 
bility. 


Nq  possible 

Nq  possibility 

^  visible 

^p  visibility 

/*>  risible 

/<*  risibility 


_k<j__fusible 
V^      fusibility 
%->     plausible 
<\o     plausibility 
UL,     deducible 
a    can  sable 


ci     Jesabel 
JL hostile 


> 


physical 
classical 
musical 


spindle 
mental 
/?     rental 


-*=^ 


\p    Pistol 


V  spoonful 
\^  peaceful 
\.     blissful 


98 


THE  WIDE  L  HOOK 


1.  A  wide  initial  hook  on  the  right  hand  side  of  P,  B,  and  on  the 
upper  side  of  K  and  G,  expresses  al,  el,  il,  ol,  ul,  immediately  after  the 
sound  of  the  stroke,  thereby  forming  the  syllables  pal,  pel,  pil,  pol,  put; 
bal,  bel,  bil,  bol,  bul;  cal,  kel,  kil,  col,  cul;  gal,  gel,  gil,  gol,  gul.  These 
syllabic  strokes  may  be  written  in  First  Position  to  express  the  initial  syl- 
lables am,  em,  im,  om,  um,  immediately  before  the  sound  of  the  strokes 
P-l  and  B-l;  and  to  express  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  immediately  before  F-l, 
K-l  and  G-l. 


^. 


pill 


-^=-call 
S — *   callest 
/         recall 
<"  f     gulls 
C   ,     gulch 
c^  gulf 
/\    repel 
y\    reply 


J       table 
-^ —  tablet 


<\ 


<^/  chapels 

^  wabble 

~^  waffle 

"^  quibble 


ample 

uncle 

angle 

angles 

angled 

uncalled 


nickel 
tickled 


S 


impelled 
_^ ambled 


2.  A  dotted  wide  initial  hook  on  strokes  F,  M,  N,  Sh,  Y,  Qu,  and  an 
undotted  wide  initial  hook  on  the  left  hand  side  of  Ray  expresses  al,  el,  il, 
ol,  ul  immediately  after  the  sound  of  the  stroke,  thereby  forming  the  syl- 
lables fal,  fel,  fil,  fol,  ful;  mal,  mel,  mil,  mol,  mul;  rial,  nel,  nil,  nol,  mil; 
shal,  shel,  shil,  shol,  shul;  yal,  yel,  yil,  yol,  yul;  qual,  quel,  quil,  quol; 
ral,  rel,  ril,  rol,  rul. 


I 


film 


l> — ^  filmy 
filches 
muffle 


milk 
camel 


J. 


±L 


shells 
rills 


* 


■^t 


g  J>    knells 
L       funnel 


\y/    barrel 
G~\     million 


^r 


mildew 
bushel 
yells 
quells 


B.  0.  BAKER 
LAWYER 
AS,  TEXAS 


99 


THE  L  HOOK  AND  THE  L  LOOP 


1.  A  small  initial  hook  written  on  the  right  hand  side  of  T,  D,  Th, 
V,  Ch,  J,  H  and  Wh,  expresses  al,  el,  il,  ol,  ul,  immediately  after  the 
sound  of  the  stroke,  thereby  forming  the  syllables  tal,  tel,  til,  tol,  tul;  dal, 
del,  dil,  dol,  did;  thai,  thel,  thil,  thol,  thul;  vol,  vel,  vil,  vol,  vul;  chal,  chel, 
chil,  chol,  chid;  jal,  jel,  jil,  jol,  jul;  hal,  hel,  hil,  hoi,  hid;  whal,  whel, 
whU,  whul.  These  syllabic  strokes  are  made  half-length  to  add  the  sound 
of  T  or  D. 

2.  A  short  vowel  sound  always  occurs  between  above  named  strokes 
and  L ;  therefore,  it  is  not  necessary  to  widen  the  L  hook  on  those  strokes 
to  show  the  presence  of  the  short  vowel  sound. 


r 

till 

r 

until 

settle 

r 

r 

tilt 

J          total 

_L dull  — L—  chill  nq   evils 

^~>      metal  — L_  devil  ^-     anvil 

r addle  V  Bethel  ^     helm 

saddle            /       gill  __L_  whelm 

> spraddle  hill  ^     Mitchell 


3.  A  large  final  loop  on  the  concave  side  of  curved  strokes,  and  on 
the  Shun  hook  side  of  straight  strokes,  expresses  L  preceded  by  a  vowel 
sound.  The  vowel  generally  has  the  long  sound.  This  L  loop  is  used 
where  the  L  stroke  does  not  form  a  facile  joining.  It  may  be  used  on 
lengthened  strokes  also. 


^ 


-fuel  "->  f~    Newell         ^- — rule  ■  /\ — radial 


^      vowel  S-\- loyalty  ^— real         .        -— ^     mutual 

loyal  -3 — wild  J__  shoal  /\,    labial 


) .dial  ~^ quailed        — *=>    goal  \y   boreal 


4.  A  quarter-length  B  stroke  expresses  the  suffix  &-/,  -b-l,  and  it  may 
be  used  instead  of  the  b-l  stroke  and  hook  where  it  forms  a  facile,  an- 
gular joining  with  the  preceding  stroke. 

^_iV_    enable  ^- durable        A.       .affable 

S^_ unable         -**- durability     >— **— nobility 


100 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


\>  Bicycle,  b-s-k-l 

\  Appliances,  -pi-  -nses 


Multiple,  m-lt-p-l 

Tweezers,  tzv-s-rs 
Q         _  Fulfill,  /-//-/ 


4; 


Stimulus,  st-m-l-s 
Reserve     r-s-rv 
Ostensible,  -st-ns-  b-l 


I 


W~^s     Fee-simple,  f-s-mp-l 
_  Settle,  s-t-l 


b 


Potential,  p-t-vsh-l 


Vn       _  Philosophy,  f-l-s-fy 
Satchel,  s-ch-l 
Substantial,  s-bst-nsh-l 
Affability,  -f-bility 


A  Desirability,  d-s-r-bility 

\p  Pistol,  p-st-l 

y         Beheld,  b-h-ld 
s^-q^     Miserable,  m-s-r-b-l 

Uncleansed,  unkl-nsd 

Accident,  -ks-d-nt 


Sensible,  s-ns-b-l 

g— <"         Glycerine,  gl-s-r-n 

^ Fiscal,  f-sk-l 

So- Physical,  f-s-k-l 

— 1 Gangway,  g-ngzva 

^-- Obsequies,  -bs-qu-s 

^} Specialist,  sp-sh-l-st 

«-■■  0  * Glisten,  gl-s-n 

Synopsis,  s-n-ps-s 

f/?  Allentown,  -l-ntown 

1^.         Ashland,  -shl-nd 
^^ — q_  Knoxville,  N-ksv-l 
Danville,  D-nv-l 
Eau  Claire,  Okl-r 
Chelsea,  Ch-ls-- 


I 


K^      Delaware,  D-l-w-r 
Vo         Tallahassee,  T-l-h-s- 


-r 


^-7>         Mississippi,  M-s-s-p- 
Missouri,  M-s-r- 
Austin,  Aust-n 

_  Helena,  H-l-n- 


J 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


101 


play,  pl- 
plea,  pl- 
plow,  pl- 
plays,  pl-s 
please,  pl-s 
pleased,  pl-sd 
places,  pl-ses 
pleases,  pl-ses 
played,  pl-d 
plowed,  pl-d 
pleat,  pl-t 
plates,  pl-ts 
pleads,  pl-ds 
pleats,  pl-ts 
plain,  pl-n 
plains,  pl-ns 
planned,  pl-nd 
plants,  pl-nts 
ply,  pl- 
imply,  impl- 

apply,  -pl- 
supply,  s-pl- 
applies,  -pl-s 
implies,  impl-s 
implied,  impl-d 
supplies,  s-pl-s 
supplied,  s-pl-d 
applied,  -pl-d 
application,  -pl-k-shun 
appliance,  -pi-  -ns 
appliances,  -pi-  -nses 
applaud,  -pl-d 
applauds,  -pl-ds 
blaze,  bl-s 
blows,  bl-s 
blazed,  bl-sd 
blast,  bl-st 
blazes,  bl-ses 
bluffs,  bl-fs 
blacken,  bl-k-n 
blameless,  bl-ml-s 
blemish,  bl-m-sh 


blade,  bl-d 
blowed,  bl-d 
bleat,  bl-t 
bleats,  bl-ts 
blots,  bl-ts 
blend,  bl-nd 
blunt,  bl-nt 
blinds,  bl-nds 
cleave,  kl-v 
cleft,  kl-ft 
clays,  kl-s 
clues,  kl-s 
classed,  kl-sd 
closed,  kl-sd 
classy,  kl-sy 
classes,  kl-ses 
closes,  kl-ses 
clad,  kl-d 
cleat,  kl-t 
clod,  kl-d 

cloud,  kl-d 
clouds,  kl-ds 
cleats,  kl-ts 
clots,  kl-ts 
clods,  kl-ds 
cloyed,  kl-d 
clean,  kl-n 
clown,  kl-n 
cleans,  kl-ns 
cleanse,  kl-ns 
cleansed;  kl-nsd 
cleaned,  kl-nd 
cling,  kl-ng 
clings,  kl-ngs 
unclean,  unkl-n 
uncleaned,  unkl-nd 
uncleansed,  unkl-nsd 
unclassed,  unkl-sd 
unclosed,  unkl-sd 
encloses,  enkl-ses 
inclement,  inkl-m-nt 
acclimate,  -kl-m-t 


glee,  gl- 
glow,  gl- 
clue,  kl- 
glaze,  gl-s 
glass,  gl-s 
glows,  gl-s 
glues,  gl-s 
glazed,  gl-sd 
glasses,  gl-ses 
glosses,  gl-ses 
glad,  gl-d 
glowed,  gl-d 
gloats,  gl-ts 
glove,  gl-v 
glades,  gl-ds 
gleans,  gl-ns 
gleaned,  gl-nd 
unglazed,  un gl-sd 
ungleaned,  ungl-nd 
agglutinize,  -gl-t-n-s 

flay,  //- 
flays,  fl-s 
flees,  fl-s 
fleeced,  fl-sd 
fleecy,  fl-sy 
fleeces,  fl-ses 
flown,  fl-n 
flute,  fl-t 
unflown,  unfl-n 
inflows,  infl-s 
flaunt,  fl-nt 
flaunted,  fl-nt-d 
afloat,  -//-/ 
floats,  fl-ts 
a  floats,  -fl-ts 
flame,  fl-m 
aflame,  -fl-m 
inflame,  infl-m 
flounces,  fl-nses 
flint,  fl-nt 
flints,  fl-nts 
flayed,  fl-d 


102 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


reply,  r-pl~ 
focal,  f-k-l 
plane,  pl-n 
photoplay,  f-t-pla 
admissible,   -dm-a-b-l 
platinum,  pl-t-n-m 
affability,  -/-fciliiu 
clandestine,   fyl-ndrsi-n 
squirrel,  squ-r-l 
glimpse,  gl-mps 
bevel,   b-V-l 
implement,  -mpl-m-nt 
metal,  m-t-l 
desirability, 
ladle,  l-d-l 
level,  l-v-l 
pistol,    p-sl-l 
rifle,  r-f-l 
scaffold,   sfy-f-ld 
buckle,    b-k-l 
saddle,   s-d-l 
resemblance, 
divisible,   d-V-s-b-l 
identical,    id-nl-l(-l 

plausible,  pl-s-b-l 
miserable,    m-s-r-b-l 
scandal,    s^-nd-l 
replenish,    r-pl-n-th 
cleanse,  £/-ns 
uncleansed,    -n\l-nsd 
inclement,    -n£/-m-ni 
tunnel,  l-n-l 
affable,  -f-b-l 
disability,  d-s-bility 
muffle,   m-f-l 
goggles,  g-g-ls 
plated,  pl-ted 
sensible,   s-ns-b-l 
negligence,    n-gl-j-ns 
glycerine,  gl-s-r-n 
hostile,   h-sl-l 
muffler,  m-fl-r 
diploma,   d-pl-m- 
label,   l-b-l 
suppliant,  s-pl--nt 
plentiful,  pl-nt-f-I 
client,   \l—nt 
libel,   l-b-l 
develop,    d-V-l-p 
specialty,  sp-sh-liy 
mental,  m-nl-l 
musical,   m-j-£-/ 
fiscal,    f-sk-l 
glossary,  gl-t-ry 


appliances,    -pl—nt-s 
chaplain,   ch-pl-n 
settlement,    s-t-lm-nt 
symbol,  s-mb-l 
monoplane,  m-n-pl-n 
florid,  fl-r-d 
multiple,  m-ll-p-l 
tableau,   (-bio 
channel,  ch-n-l 
tweezers,    Iv-s-rs 
chattel,  ch-i-l 
fulfil,  /-//-/ 
until,    -nl-l 
tackle,    l-k-l 
rival,  r-v-l 
reciprocal,   r-s-pr-k-l 
special,   sp-sh-l 
rivals,  r-v-ls 
bleached,   bl-cht 
cannibal,   fc-n-i-/ 
blaspheme,   bl-sf-tn 
gable,  g-b-l 
tillable,  l-l-b-l 
replete,  r-pl-l 

capital,  b>-p-t-l 
bludgeon,  bl-j-n 
byplane,    b-pl-n 
glazed,    gl-sd 
ostensible,   -st-ns-b-l 
beveling,  b-v-ling 
supplement,  s-pl-m-nl 
loyalty,   l»lty 
fee-simple,   f-s-mp-l 
till,    t-l 
settle,  s-l-l 
potential,  p-i-mh-l 
legible,  l-j-b-l 
reptile,  r-pt-l 
dispel,   d-sp-l 
philosophy,  f-l-s-fy 
cloak,  fc/-fc 
pinnacle,  p-n-h^-l 
satchel,  s-ch-l 
flimsy,  fl-msy 
substantial, 
guilty,  g-lfy 
plenteous,  pl-nl—s 
fickle,  f-k-l 
needle,   n-d-l 
repel,  r-p-l 
pugnacious,  p-gn-sh-s 
gangway,  g-ngwa 
plateau,  pi- to 
bicycle,  b-t-\-l 


refusal,   r-f-s-l 
nautical,    n-t-l(-l 
obsequies,   -bs-qu-s 
mosquito,  m-sl^-to 
acclimate,  -1%1-m-l 
specialist,    sp-ih-l-tt 
local,    l-k-l 
glisten,   gl-s-n 
regal,   T-g-l 
acquittal,    -qu-l-l 
clemency,   \l-m-my 
comical,    fc-m-fc-/ 
clematis,  l(l-m-t-$ 
burial,  b-r—l 
vital,  v-t-l 
physical,    f-s-k-1 
classical,   £/-s-£-/ 
waybill,    m-b-l 
deacon,  d-£-n 
valentine,  v-l-nl-n 
stimulus,  st-m-l-s 
synopsis,  s-n-ps-s 
merino,  m-r-no 
definition,   d-f-n-shun 

CITIES. 
Akron,  -£r-n 
Allentown,    -l-nlown 
Altoona,  -li-n- ' 
Asheville,    -shv-l 
Alemeda,  -l-m-d- 
Alton,   -li-n 
Appleton,   -p-ll-n 
Ashland,    -shl-nd 
Ashtabula,  -sht-b-l- 
Atlantic    City, 
Belleville,    B-lv-l 
Buffalo,  B-f-lo 
Cadillac,   k-d-l-k 
Canton,  £-n/-n 
Chicopee,  C/i-^-pe 
Cleveland,  £/-v/-nd 
Council  Bluffs, 
Dallas,   D-l-s 
Danville,   D-nv-l 
Decatur,   D-1(-l-r 
Duluth,  D-l-lh 
Eau  Claire,  OKl-r 
Elizabeth,  El-s-b-th 
Findlay,    F-ndla 
Fond  du  Lac,  F-nd-l-lf 
Hoboken,  H-b-^-n 
Ithaca,   -th-k- 
Jamestown,  J-msiorvn 
Joplin,  J-pl-n 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


103 


Kalamazoo,  K-l-m-z- 
Laredo,  L-r-do 
Lebanon,   L-b-n-n 
Lexington,  L-^s-ngt-n 
Atchison,   -ch-s-n 
Aurora,  Aur-r- 
Binghamton,  B-ngh-mt-n 
Cairo,  K-ro 
Camden,  K-md-n 
Chelsea,  CA-is — 
Cincinnati,   S-ns-n-t- 
Clinton,  Kl-nl-n 
Covington,  K-V-ngl-n 
Danbury,  D-nb-ry 
Dayton,  D-t-n 
Dubuque,   D-b-fy 
Easton,  Ett-n 
Elgin,  -Ij-n 
Everett,  -v-r-t 
Flint,  Fl-nt 
Galveston,    C-h-st-n 
Houston,   H-sl-n 
Jackson,  J-\s-n 
Joliet,  J-l-l 
Kingston,  K-ngxt-ri 
Knoxville,    N-fav-l 


Lawrence,    L-r-ns 
Lewiston,  L—sl-n 
Loraine,  L-r-n 
Alabama,  -l-b-m- 
Arkansas,  -r£-ns-s 
Delaware,  D-l-to-r 
Idaho,    Id-h- 
Kentucky,  K-nl-ky 
Michigan,    M-sh-g-n 
Mississippi,  M-s-s-p- 
Phoenix,   F-n-^t 
Tallahassee,    T-l-h-s- 
Topeka,  T-p-fy- 
Annapolis,  -n-p-l-s 
Jackson,  ]-\s-n 
Lincoln,  L-ng\-n 
Tennessee,  T-n-s- 
Utah,   Ut- 

Richmond,  R-chm-nd 
Belfast,  B-lf-st 
Spain,  Sp-n 
Glasgow,   Cl-sgo 
Belgium,  B-lj—m 
Lisbon,  L-sb-n 
Moscow,  M-slf- 
Japan,  J-p-n 


Vienna,  V— n- 
Russia,  R-sh- 
Alaska,  -l-sk- 
Colorado,  K-l-r-d- 
Florida,   Fl-r-d- 
Kansas,  K-ns-s 
Maine,  M-n 
Minnesota,  M-n-s-t- 
Missouri,  M-s-r- 
Denver,  D-nv-r 
Atlanta,  -ll-ni- 
Augusta,  Aug-st- 
Boston,  B-st-n 
Helena,  H-l-n- 
Oregon,  -r-g-n 
Texas,  T-fys-s 
Austin,  Aust-n 
Madison,  M-d-s-n 
Bombay,  B-mb- 
Ireland,  Irl-nd 
Havana,  H-v-n- 
Cuba,    Qub- 
Milan,  M-l-n 
Naples,  N-p-ls 
Odessa,  Od-s- 
Warsaw,    W-rs- 


THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

Fifth  Installment. 


application 

clear 

finally 

official 

special 

awful 

close 

full 

only 

spell 

beautiful 

clothing 

flight 

play 

still 

bill 

club 

flower 

place 

supply 

block 

collect 

glad 

pleasant 

table 

blow 

declare 

held 

plan 

tell 

blue 

develop 

include 

plant 

terrible 

build 

especially 

kill 

political 

total 

built 

fell 

little 

possible 

until 

call 

fell 

local 

railroad 

unable 

class 

fill 

nearly 

reply 

usual 

clean 

final 

o'clock 

school 

volume 

104 


/ 


However 


9 

.  Howsoever 

a Whatever 

4- —  Whatsoever 


cs      Wherever 
c/^-   Wheresoever 
Whithersoever 


*     Whoever 

_g Whosoever 

4     Whomsoever 
/     Whenever 


^ Whensoever 

Whichever 
Whichsoever 


i- 


N^  Behave 
\^  Behaved 

J Differ 

J Differed 


_ld Different-ly 

p--0    Di  f f erence 
_1 .Out  of 


CONTRACTIONS. 

-^ Out  of  the 

., Set  forth 


_£ Set  off 

/\>  .  Representative 

Subjective 
^> 

Subjection 

Jj Thank-ed 

Significance 

Significant 

Signify 
^  Somehow 
^       Somewhat 
Meantime 


^7 


Meanwhile 


Republic 


\q      Behest 

^L       Behindhand 

\ Behold 


v 


Beholden 


_Any  how 
In  his 


^T 


"T 


1 


r 


-^ 


Length 
Lengthen 
In  his  own 
In  the  way 
.Some 
Something 
Somebody 
Some  where 

Some  one 
Everything 
Everybody 
Everywhere 


, Every  one 

— +  Nothing 
^  ^  Nobody 
^/    Nowhere 


_2 No  one 


^"T.      Anything 
Anybody 
Anywhere 
Anv  one 


105 


CONTRACTIONS.     SENTENCE  WRITING 


f 


; i  win 

He  will 

2,     She  will 

_  It  will 
~     We  will 
You  will 
_  They  will 
f      Who  will 
Which  will 


/ 


What  will 


s       How  will 
/      Why  will 


rJP    Where  will 
^/?    There  will 
f°    We  will  see 
r/^>  Yon  will  see 

^ They  will  see 

6      Who  will  see 

_qJ She  will  see 

^\  I  will  be 
_  I  will  do 


^ 


^\         I  will  have  been 

*\, Believe 

S^        Believed 
N&       Unbelief-ved 

_£ Deliver-ed 

J^ Deliverance 

England 

English 

Children 

Capable 

Capability 

Challenge 

Circumstance 
P       Circumstances 
J        Circumstantial 
No      Express 

>>      Expressed 

No      Expression 

\_  Expressive 

[        Generation 

/{j     Regeneration 


_z 


Degeneration 
Generalize 

J        Generalization 

sn        Health-y 


.Healthful-ly 
Suggestion 

.  Satisfy 

Satisfaction 

Overtake 

\  _  Overtaken 

_  7 Overcharge 

r      Oversight 

T Overstate 

^        Override 


4 


C 


,Over  one 
Outrun 


X     Outbid 
Outrage 


f 


,  Outside 
.Outline 
Outreach 


106 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 


The  Golden  Gulch  Clay  Company, 
Klamath  Falls,  Oregon. 

Dear  Sirs:  We-are  selling-the  national  flags  of  all-the  allied  na- 
tions on-the  globe.  I-suppose-that  you-have  just-received-the  small 
English  flags  that  we  sent  you  as  samples. 

A-few-days-ago,  we  received-a  wire  as-follows :  "We-are-pleased 
to  express  satisfaction  over-the  beautiful  flags  that  your  company  sold 
us  a  week  ago.  We-wish  to  suggest  that  you  offer  to  sell  and  deliver 
these  flags  to  every  large  firm  in-the  county.  We  believe  that  every 
home  should-have-a  flag,  and-that  every  business  house  should  carry 
them  for-sale." 

This  message  was  sent  by-the  Young  Peoples  Aid  Association  of  the 
United-States,  whose  offices  are  in-the  Kilsing  Bldg.,  New-York-City. 

May  our  representative  call  on  you,  or  on  some-one  in  authority 
in-your-company,  and  talk  over-the  matter  in  detail? 

Very-truly, 

Mr.  Gilbert  Melville, 

Galveston,  Texas. 

Dear  Sir:  Replying  to  your  letter  of  the  18th  inst.,  would-say  that 
I-have  known  Clifford  Nelson  since  he-was-a  little  boy.  I-have  always 
found  him  honest  and  faithful  in  everything,  and  accurate  in  all  his 
work.  He-did-a  good-deal  of  the  technical  legal  work  for-us,  as  he-has 
rare  knowledge  of  everything  in-the  legal  line,  and  I-think  he-can 
handle  almost  any  case. 

I-shall  feel  very-much  pleased  if  my  influence  will  help  young 
Nelson  to  secure  a  position  in-your  office.    With  best  wishes, 

Yours-truly, 

Mr.  Lionel  Pillsbury  Fletcher, 
Calumet,  Mich. 

Dear  Sir:  I-am  writing  you  regarding  Walton  Bonnell,  the  black- 
smith of  Glencoe,  who-was  in-an  accident  while  repairing  a  plough 
for-a  man  named  Mitchell. 

A  splinter  or  a  spill  fell  on-the  iron,  and  Bonnell  was  obliged  to- 
take  it  off  so-that  he-could-see  clearly.  In  doing  so,  he  fell  on  a  red 
hot  iron  and  was  struck  almost  blind  by-the  heat.  Bonnell's  left 
ankle  was  burned  quite  badly,  also.  Dr.  Randall  is  now  applying-a 
fluid,  possibly  glycerine,  to-his  ankle,  and-it-seems  to  help  consider- 
ably. 

In-this-case,  I-think  he-should  receive-a  large  sick  benefit.  Mitchell 
cannot-be  held,  as  he-is  blameless.  What-is-your  opinion  about  it? 
Write  me  at-once  and  let  me  know. 

Very-truly, 


107 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


'    T    ^ 


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.  ^  f   ^  \.  V-^  £_  r 


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T^V 


9    ) 


1 


^ 


108 

LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE 

Mr.  Ralph  Gladstone, 

Laurel,  Delaware. 

Dear  Sir:  We-have  decided  to  lengthen  the  hours  for  our  adult 
workers.  It-will  make  but  little  difference  to-them ;  but  as-the  child 
labor  law  becomes  effective  next  week,  we-shall-have  to  dismiss  all 
the  children,  although  they  are  very  capable  in  their  work  and-have 
challenged  anyone  to  keep  up  with-them. 

It-is-necessary  that  we  call  a  meeting  at-once  and  notify  all  our 
workers  of  the  change.     The  salaries  will-be  raised  accordingly. 

Yours-truly, 
Mr.  Abel  Belmont, 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Dear  Sir:  Will  you  please  advise  me  about  Clifford  Nelson?  He- 
is  applying  for-the  position  of  clerk  in-my  law  office,  and-has  referred 
me  to  you.  I-have  had  an  interview  with  him  and  he  seems-to  be  well 
educated  and  very  clever;  still  I  should  like  to-have  you  tell  me  just 
what-you  know  and  think  about-the  boy. 

Yours-truly, 
Mr.  Wilbur  Talcott, 

Belle  Plaine,  Iowa. 

Dear  Sir :  As  my  clerk  will-be  away  most  of  the  time  this  month, 
I-wish  you-would  help  me  out  in-the  meantime. 

Claudius  Gillman's  case  will-be-called  first,  so  I-will-give  you  some 
points  on-the-subject : 

Not-a  long-time-ago,  the  plaintiff,  Claudius  Gillman,  and-the  de- 
fendant, Rubel  Wycliffe,  lived  in  different  towns.  The  defendant  was 
then  in-the  implement  business,  and  employed  the  plaintiff  to-do  work 
for  him  in-one  of  the  New  England  states  — I-think  it  was  Maine. 
At-the  suggestion  of  the  defendant,  the  plaintiff  delivered  damaged 
goods,  and  knowing  this,  swore  that-they  were  perfect.  Now,  the 
parties  who  bought  the  implements  are  suing  Gillman,  and  he,  in 
turn,  is  suing  his  former  employer.  But,  all-men-are  responsible  for 
their-own  actions,  so  it-may-not-be-an  easy  matter  for  Gillman  to  win. 

Let  me  know  if  you-will  help  me  out  in-this-case. 

Yours-truly, 
Mr.  Hillman  O'Donnell, 
Carrollton,  Tenn. 

Dear  Sir :  Your  stenographer,  Miss  Florence  Milton,  called  at  our 
office  to-day.  She  declared  that-your  company  sent-us-the  clam  shells 
the  Delaware  people  found,  and  which  are  considered  very  valuable 
on-account  of  the  pearls  which  are  found  in  some  of-them. 

It-seems  strange  that  we  never  received-the  shells.  However,  it- 
is-possible  that  they  are  still  on-the  road.  As-soon-as  we  receive-the 
shells,  we-will  send  you  check  for  same. 

Yours-truly, 


109 


LETTER  WRITING  EXERCISE. 


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110 


CONTRACTIONS.     PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING. 


V By  our  own 

c Call  upon  us 

.Call  attention 


A: 


-V 


He  should  be 
He  should  have 


/k 


LI .Day  by  day 

L       Day  to  day 
L       Day  after  day  _^£_ 
1^-     Did  not  ^~k 

Vp      Faster  than 


u       First  place 

W^7  First  rate 

\*>       First  time 

_^ For  all 

\q_y  .For  his  own 
. F.  O.  B. 

r^  c.  o.  d. 

Good  deal 

t) 

.       Had  been  done 

J.       Had  not 
0 

I  have  his 


_f__Hour  by  hour 
How  soon  is  it 
How  does  the 
am  in  receipt 
know  this  is 
suppose  that 
wish  to  be 
wish  to  go 
wish  to  see 
_lf  you  were  the 


^ 


-^ 


o 


_Q_ 


__Is  his,  his  is 
_As  has,  has  as 
,/y     Just  received 
_7___Just  such  a  case 


TZ 


A^ 


He  was  the 
How  is  this 
I  shall  be 
I  shall  see 
If  such  is 


,  "~tN     If  these  are 
_It  is  said 

It  is  best 
~Most  likely 
_As  it  was 

As  follows 


v^°       All  alone 


-^v 


■^c- 


Long  time  ago 
P~°  May  as  well  as 
,S    May  be  able- to  do 


I  advise 


At 

SP      I  am  certain 


ft 


Most  of  the  time 


t 


ft 


All  men  are 
By  wire 
Days  ago 
Few  days  ago 
Hundred  dollars 
Weeks  ago 
For  this  month 
For  said  purpose 


oi         On  the  subject         i^  For  sale 


Ill 


THE  USES  OF  THE  R  STROKES 

1.     The  R  stroke  is  formed  half-length  to  add  T  or  D. 

L .dared  V         fired  , — -_     mired 

N»_ .bared 


spared 


/        cheered 


A. 


hired 


^  smeared 


2.     The  R  stroke  is  used  initially  before  M,  Sm  or  S-m 
V->  .room  ^N^~^    romp         ~>-\      resume 

.roomy  ^"V— >,   rumble      ~V^    resemblance 


3.     The  few  initial  syllables  ash,  esh,  ish,  osh,  ush,  must  be  expressed 
by  the  Sh  stroke  written  downward  in  Third  Position. 


ashore 


■t 


ashamed     }<*=>    Ashland       — -J- — ashen 


4.  The  R  stroke  used  initially  does  not  form  a  facile  joining  with 
the  alphabetic  strokes  other  than  L,  M,  K  and  G.  Therefore,  the  upward 
form  of  Sh  stroke  in  Third  Position  is  used  to  express  initial  ar,  er,  ir,  or, 
ur,  before  all  alphabetic  strokes  except  L  and  M ,  and  in  some  cases  K 
and  G.    This  stroke  is  termed  the  upward  R  stroke. 


> 


arm 

army 

early 

earliest 

armada 

arrange 


armful 
archway 

v urgent 

a ardency 

arduous 
earnest 


7 


oranges 
y\.        artisan 

_^i. artesian 

.urban 


A 


ornament 
argosy 


^/k>    irreducible 
a/    arterial 
.Arizona 
irresistible 
Arness 


=4 


-^- 


arson 


The  student  should  give  special  attention  to  the  instructions  in 
paragraph  4.  If  the  sound  of  L  or  M  follows  the  initial  sound  of  -r, 
the  downward  -r  stroke  should  be  written;  if  -r  is  followed  by 
k  or  g,  the  student  writer  may  use  either  -r  stroke,  preference  to  be 
given  to  the  upward  form,  however,generally. 

The  upward  -r  stroke  may  be  written  in  Fourth  Position  to  ex- 
press sor,  ser,  sir,  sor,  sur,  cer  before  strokes  T,  D,  Ch,  J,  F,  V,  and  N. 


112 

ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  COALESCENT  R 

1.  The  sound  of  R  blends  or  coalesces  with  that  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  K, 
G,  F,  Th  and  Sh,  thereby  forming  the  coalescent  combinations  Pr-,  Br-, 
Tr-,  Dr-,  Kr-,  Gr-,  Fr-,  Thr-,  Shr-.  A  vowel  sound  always  follows 
these  blended  or  coalescent  consonants. 

2.  The  sound  of  R,  blended  as  above  shown,  is  expressed  by  a 
small  initial  hook  on  the  under  side  of  K  and  G,  and  on  the  left  hand 
side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  Sh,  F  and  Th. 

3.  S  and  R  (Sr)  does  not  blend  or  coalesce,  and  W  is  silent  in  the 
combination  Wr-.  Therefore,  we  employ  the  S  and  W  forms  of  strokes 
with  small  initial  hook  to  represent  Thr-  and  Fr-,  thereby  keeping  the 
hooks  on  the  left  hand  and  concave  side  of  all  the  strokes  above  named. 
The  Shr-  stroke  must  be  written  upward. 


^\ — .shrub 
y\t — repress 


f 


atrocity 
-mattress 


_L depressed      \ — abreast 

L  debris  ^      rnhra 


/\      redress 


acrostic 


4.  The  R  hook  strokes  may  be  written  in  First  Position  to  express 
the  initial  syllables  am,  em,  im,  om,  um  before  Pr-,  and  Br- ;  and  to  ex- 
press an,  en,  in,  on,  un  before  Tr-,  Dr-,  Kr-,  Gr-,  Fr-  and  Thr-. 


_V 


X 


— press 

.impress 

*\,        oppress 
suppress 


JV 

X 


"V 


.brace 
.embrace 
.dressed 
undressed 


.crust 
encrust 
.grave 
^engrave 


IL 


impression 
encroach 
j     imprudent 
,    incrustate 


5.  These  R  hook  strokes  may  be  formed  half-length  to  add  T  or  D. 
The  method  of  distinguishing  between  final  is,  and  dz,  set  forth  in  para- 
graph 2,  page  87,  may  be  employed  with  these  coalescent  R  strokes 
also. 


-^ prayed 

_f^ bright 


\ 


I 


treats 
-trods 


-crates 
.creeds 


_^_ 


frets 
frauds 


113 


PRINCIPLES  GOVERNING  THE  USES  OF  R  HOOKS 

1.  A  small  initial  hook  on  the  left-hand  side  of  Ch,  J,  H,  Wh,  Y,  V, 
and  on  Sh  stroke  written  downward;  and  on  the  concave  side  of  M  and 
N  expresses  ar,  er,  ir,  or,  ur  immediately  after  the  sound  of  the  stroke, 
thereby  expressing  the  syllables  char,  cher,  chir,  chor,  chur;  jar,  jer,  jir, 
jor,  jur;  har,  her,  hir,  hor,  hur;  whar,  wher,  whir,  whor,  whur;  yar,  yer, 
yir,  yor,  yur;  var,  ver,  vir,  vor,  vur;  shar,  sher,  shir,  shor,  shir;  mar,  mer, 
mir,  mor,  mur;  nar,  ner,  nir,  nor,  nur,  respectively. 

2.  The  V-r  stroke  takes  the  form  of  Qu-  stroke  with  initial  hook, 
in  order  that  the  R  hook  may  be  formed  on  the  left  hand  side  of  all  ver- 
tical and  inclined  strokes.  The  V-r  stroke  may  be  written  in  First  Po- 
sition to  express  an,  en,  in,  on,  un  immediately  preceding  the  sound  of 
V-r.  The  V  stroke,  with  small  initial  hook,  must  be  used  to  express  V-l, 
as  already  set  forth. 


J- 


harpoon        J       sherbet 
whirl  /         shirking 

/0     lawyer  ^S"     shreds 


-± 


J^L 


vermin 


verse 


c^V    shrive 
sheriff 


<r^~    inversely      /^    reverse 
mortgage      i  adverse 

shriek 
shirk 


treasure 

measure 

leisure 

seizure 

closure 

enclosure 


5 


V/    beshrew 
J sharpens 


\       pleasure 
pressure 


normal 


3.  The  initial  syllables  ax,  ex,  ix,  ox,  ux,  and  ac,  as  in  accept,  acci- 
dent, etc.,  are  expressed  by  the  Ray  form  of  stroke  in  Third  Position. 
This  Ex  stroke  may  be  modified  by  the  L  and  R  hooks.  A  short  vowel 
sound  is  indicated  between  the  Ex  stroke  and  the  L  or  R  hook. 


^- 


ax 


7 


^- — axis 

^_ exist 

exalt 


exception 
accept 


/°    excellence       ^     exert 


y^    excellent 


y\      accident 
?      excels 


-°*c 


exaltation 


expense 


exercise 
exaction 
exorcism 


114 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  COALESCENT  R 


c\^c         bracelet 
J\ bravely 


*\w_o     brazenness 
tNy,  breastplate 

*\/  breastwork 


V. 


^\ 


bridecake 
bridegroom 
.bridesmaid 
bridewell 
briefly 
-brindled 
bristle 
broadax 
broadcloth 
broadside 
-bronchial 
-browbeat 
-brown  study 
-brushwood 
-cranberry 

t — Q ? craziness 

~>      creation 


V 


J^ 


^ 


* 


.dripping 
-drizzle 


t — -^  —  -dromedary 
Iq_j?  drowsiness 


c^_°> 


fractional 

fractious 

fragmentary 


._     p^,      crystallization     "\ 

4r 


V 


% 


.drabble 
.dragnet 
drawbridge 
dreadful 
dreadfully 
drench 


115 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  COALESCENT  R 


^ 


± 


> 


? 


rv 


.  friary 
friendliness 
Franciscan 
_  friendship 
_  frightful 
_  frightfully 
_  frigid 
=  frisky 
_  frontage 
_  frontier 
_  frontlet 
—  frostwork 
frothy 
froward 
frozen 
frock 
frugality 
fruitage 
fruition 


V^  _  fruitless 

frustration 
frustrum 


r^*> 


"=J 


-^ 


~t 


^ 


^1 


v^ 


¥ 


>    /?  ! 


■v 


=r 


frosts 
grand  jury 
grandsire 
grandson 
graphic 
grasshopper 
grassplot 
gratuity 
greatness 
Grecian 
greedily 
greenroom 
^      greensward 

gruesome         f\x^f 

greyhound 

grange 

grievous 

grimalkin 

grindstone 

grocer 

grocery 

groundless 


-groundwork 


\<~ 


*\7 


yzz 


^ 


x 


-1 


-T8- 


X 


V 


gruel 

precautionary 

precedent 

^preceptress 

precipice 

precipitation 

preclusive 

precocity 

predecessor 

predisposition 

pre-empt 

pre-exist 

pre-existence 

preference 

prefix 

prejudge 

prelate 

premeditation 

preoccupy 

preordain 

presuppose 


I 


116 


THE  COALESCENT  R 


^Z 


^ 


T 


preparation 
.prepare 


-No procedure         J 

\        -»     procreate  3-->> 


\ =>     procreate 

\\  preponderance    *X  procure 

'N\^  preposition  'V,     »      prodigy 

professor 


^a 


prepossess 


\/      ^    prerogative 
Presbyterian 
prescribe 
prescription 
pressman 
presumably 

pretension 

pretentious  t 

yV      priesthood 
primordial 


°\^~  U      princely 
°\ principal 

^V=^ Prism 

\/l   _priority 
probate 
problem 
"^q         proboscis 


^ 


1 


proficiency 
profligate 
propensity 
shrewdly 
.shrewdness 
.shrewish 
.shrill 
.shrimp 


^yV.      shrive 

e^A shroud 

^y      -*   shrieking 
t_y  shrilly 

threadbare 

threescore 

threshold 

throb 

throng 


It 


V 


0 


throttle 
tradesman 

.tradition 

L=^_traffic 

tramway 
treacherous 


V^    treatment 

\ treaty 

1 treble 

trebly 
tribunal 
trustworthy 
triplicity 


4 


H 


i 


^ 


triumph 

triune 

trousers 

truism 

trunnion 


U— *v     trumpet 

troublesome 
trudging 
[> —    trunk 


9 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


117 


bracelet 

Charlie 

precocity 

creature 

craziness 

shrub 

crosswise 

fragrance 

dreadful 

thrifty   . 

broadside 

croton-oil 

fractious 

cruelly 

fratricide 

frothiness 

freshly 

drizzle 

freshness 

grandsire 

frontlet 

frailty 

trisyllabic 

gravitation 

grateful 

hard 

bridewell 

grievance 

prefix 

shirk 

bronchial 

predispose 

prepaid 

shriek 

greatness 

premium 

priority 

shreds 

grievously 

shrewdly 

prodigy 

chart 

primeval 

threescore 

shrink 

charts 

profligate 

friendliness 

treasury 

shorts 

threshold 

brazenness 

triplicity 

nature 

tram-road 

crystallization 

brachial 

pasture 

triumph 

shrewdness 

create 

prepay 

browbeat 

frowardness 

fragile 

proceed 

fragrantly 

preciseness 

frigid 

bravely 

frolicsome 

predisposition 

fruitage 

reverse 

grimalkin 

premeditation 

gratuity 

pressure 

precision 

prescriptive 

gridiron 

measure 

prepense 

predominate 

shrivel' 

closure 

crescent 

preliminary 

treaty 

frontage 

criticism 

fragmentary 

brasier 

fructify 

freehold 

fraudulent 

fruitful 

teacher 

pressman 

prescription 

prepare 

lecture 

primordial 

proficiency 

problem 

German 

proclivity 

groundwork 

fretful 

Germany 

propensity 

precipitation 

shrew 

harmony 

shrewish 

crimination 

probate 

lawyer 

tram-way 

broadcloth 

prattle 

crustily 

adversely 

bridegroom 

fruitless 

dreamer 

precipice 

cross-examine 

Grecian 

critically 

predecessor 

frankincense 

freckly 

freckle 

prejudge 

frightfully 

friary 

fretfully 

preparation 

preceptress 

cruciate 

fruition 

prescribe 

Presbyterian 

drabble 

grandson 

pri  ma-donna 

threadbare 

dripping 

diverse 

professor 

priesthood 

credibly 

diversely 

shrinkage 

crustaceous 

criticise 

backyard 

threepence 

dreadfully 

crucial 

enclosure 

treatment 

frost-work 

frisket 

frugality 

trisyllable 

grand  jury 

gruel 

grandeur 

braggadocio 

groundless 

briefly 

grossness 

brochure 

creation 

118 


STROKES  MAY  BE  SHORTENED  TO  ADD  R 


1.  All  the  strokes  of  the  Consonant  Alphabet  may  be  formed. half- 
length  to  add  ar,  er,  ir,  or,  urt — the  vowel  having  the  short  sound.  But 
the  R-hook  forms  for  ch-r,  j-r,  m-r,  n-r,  sh-r  and  y-r,  should  be  employed 
initially  in  all  words;  and  medially  and  finally  also  where  they  form  a 
facile  joining.  All  other  half-length  strokes  are  used  initially,  medially 
and  finally  in  all  positions. 


J==__  drake 
J=™^  dark 
?        edger 
'  turkey 


rumor 


upper 


honor 

^ usher 

j_.     tinner 
^      alert 
V       dealer 
/^      reaper 


2.  Strokes  M  and  N  formed  half-length  may  be  used  mediaHy  and 
finally  where  the  R  hook  on  M  and  N  does  not  form  a  facile  joining;  but, 
they  must  be  dotted  to  distinguish  them  from  M  and  N  strokes  shortened 
to  add  T. 


L. 


-fr 


dimmer 
customer 


\^ 


partner 
Gardner 


charmer 


-murmur . 


shriner 
damper 


3.  Above  half-length  strokes  may  be  written  in  First  Position  to 
express  the  initial  syllables  am,  em,  im,  om,  urn  before  P  and  B,  and  an, 
en,  in,  on,  un  before  any  other  half-length  stroke. 


_^l important 


^°     embrace 
__  under 


r 


inverse 
interne 


No 


embers 

v^-^ 

aimer 

unlearned 

1 

undergo 

enter 

k 

interest 

inform 

v^ 

informer 

import 

■w. 

infer 

\T 


unguarded 

endorsed 

undermine 

embargoes 

underlined 


119 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  HALF-LENGTH  STROKES 

\y^     barbarian 
\/  barbarism 

V  barbecue 


^ 


t 


=1 


X 


1    ^     darksome 

J darn 

^ darnel 


bard 

barnacle 

birthplace 

border 

burglar 

burnt 

carbon 

carnally 


i,_ 


■V 


darts 

_far-fetched 
.farm 
.farmer 
.farther 

farthing 
.fervency 


v^ first 

\^— *     fortnight 

v fortune 

\s        forward 
furlough 
furnace 
furnish 
furtive 
garden 
guardian 
gormandize 


T" 

T 


.  gurgle 

hard 
_  harden 
__  hardihood 

^_ hardly 

7 

l^-9    hardness 


7 


I 


7 


A>      harmful 

_^ harper 

harpy 

harvest 

harken 


4 


Hl_  hermitage 

__/  ^  horticulture 

L 


_S. darkness 


garniture 


120 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  HALF-LENGTH  STROKES 


/X.   larboard 

^ lord 

• lnrk 

marble 


.^— s       marginal 


_mark 


~T 


margins 

g~-vp marshal 

er^y marshy 

^ mart 

marvelous 


^7 

-£=^ merciful 

g-^ murder 

_s— ^ nerves 

.nervous 


^7 


t 


J~tr 


T 


north 
northern 
northeast 
northward 


«^  o^     nursery 


c,  a nursling 


t    f        nurture 
^   o        niirsp 


N^ a. -parsnip 
^~ parsley 


partial 

participle 
^y —  partnership 


i 


V. 


\ 


parts 

u percentage 

.perceptive 
.percussion 
.perdition 


^ 


\.        perfidious 
\ performer 


y        pernicious 

Q-7 


V  perpetrate 

V  perpetration 


-V perplex 

—  perquisite 


persecute 


-^P     ,o    perseverance 

ND persistence 

\^ personage 

>^,        personal 

^ persecution 

\l^* personify 

perspective 
.perspicuous 
pertinence 
\  perversity 

-As 


t; 


\jwi  /  perfunctory 

appertain 
\^~p    permissive 
^-^permissible  V^_p 


portable 
portfolio 
\p       _  pursuit 
^  pursuer 


pursuance 

sardines 

serpent 


Y^-9     surliness 


121 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  HALF-LENGTH  STROKES 


~7  anchorage 

f  unfurl 

unforged 


Sc^s 


3_  unforgotten 
^    unforgiven 
infirmity 
infirmary 


—  in  for  the 

—  unfermented 

—  intercepted 
y* —  unfertilized 

_z! unfurled 


^ 


-^ offer 

A^ offered 


surname 


unforeseen 
un  foreknown 

unfortunate  — L_ 

-J- enlargement  ^~> 

s 


v= ever 

.    keeper 

/^ robber 

^        wiper 
k^      stopper 
"    _;  snapper 
\     sweeper 
— ^_  neighbor 
_ garter 


^1     later 
/*      leader 
^S\     shutter 
_  whiter 
madder 
nadir 
itcher 


-V-pi 

/   /    ledger 


loafer 


^k 


> 


1 


vernacular 


1^ 


other 
.shaker 


122 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


„      Because  there  is 
~^~1       nothing 
i t    Before  no  other 


.Before  or  since 


V       pest  recollection 

y      Best  of  your 
'  recollection 

v         Further  than, 
~ C  for  their  own 

Call  your  attention 


^H      From  time  to  time 
^  II      From  day  to  day 


2^_    From  hour  to  hour 


"^ nr>    From  year  to  year 


"^/Z  From  house  to  house 
"^s^  From  place  to  place 
v^ For  my  own  part 


For  the  purpose 

of  their 
For  the  purposes  of 


-^ 


f    Great  while  ago 
Greater  or  less 


Great  part  of 
Had  there  been 
We  had  therefore 


^  Ought  to  have  been 
Season  of  the  year 
Send  us  by  return  mail 


^t; 


Ten  thousand  dollars 


-^r-Four  thousand  dollars 


— ^-To  all  of  those 
— ^-  Of  all  that  I  am 


"^7 


§-We  are  very  glad 
We  shall  be  glad 


Week  after  next 


--"^V^u    Yon  should  not  have 


s~5 


I  am  glad  to  see 
As  low  as  possible 
And  as  there  is 
And  as  there  has  been 
Should  there,  the  other 
.  But  the  other  one 
Any  other  one 


v^w  (^ — Any    statement 
— ^==r — Anv  part  of  their 


^ 


As  there  is  no  other 


123 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


-On  or  after 
X)n  our  account 


6      Onre  in  a  while 
Ax Once  or  twice 


^ ..One  of  our 

J One  of  the 

One  or  both 


^ 


Some  way 


yy    To  receive 
x         To  sell 
d       To-night 

Toward  the 

.That  that 
^ All  in  all 


^      All  around 


I  am  elad 


!_I  am  pleased 


-Are  there 


-^- There  are 

°-^ — As  a  rule 
J= All  there  is 


M, 


I  will  do  it 


.Month  by  month 

Now  and  then 

" Over  and  over 

XI,        Recent  date 

.Up  and  down 

.Up-to-date 


I 


//W      You  will  find 
h  b       Ynn  will  do  so 


.5^ You  are  to  be 

2- 


oJ 


JU 


.You  are  to  go 
.You  are  to  see 
.You  are  to  get 
We  have  to  be 


^-Qs      In  season 
^~Q-^    In  a  season 


<~-q-d   In  seeking 
^-*2— =>  In  a  second 


-*?  In  the  case  of 


<—^\     In  well  doing 
.In  a  few  days 


124 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


.About  how  far 
About  how  long 
About  how  soon 
After  all 
After  business 


V- 

>^ 

■»■*— 

^"V     Always  there 

Among  all 
/  Among  all  there 

Among  its 
^^~a  Among  these 


■tr 


.At  or  near 


^ 


At  your  service 


AZ — Bear  in  mind      — \^\>  By  your  orders 
=f Because  there     —4 Certain  extent 


^    CL    Any  statement 
Are  all 


fd      As  little  as 
/(I       As  lately  as 


At  all  times 
_At  all  events 
f At  last 


At  least 
Before  or  after 


^ 


Bill  of  sale 


VT1    Bill  of  lading 


Jj 

H" 


\ 


S 


t 


i ,      Before  another 

X Better  than 

c — .       Greater  than 
c~^        More  than 


-/. Each  of  which 


■i 


.Each  other 


Each  week 
\      Eastern  states 


.No  more  than      '"V  ^    From  all  other 


\         By  their  own 
\l       By  virtue  of 
"V        By  your  own 
_y^J  Carloads 
Dear  Sir 
My  dear  Sir 
L — ^      Dear  Mother 

L Dear  Father 

Dear  Friend 
Dear  Brother 


^ 


-7- 


One  or  two 
Two  or  three 
.Three  or  four 
.Four  or  five 
Five  or  six 
Six  or  seven 


Seven  or  eight 

v--)  ^_j?   Eight  or  nine 


I     o^Dear  Cousin 

1 Dear  Aunt 

_h Dear  Sister 


J Nine  or  ten 

For  another 

-^  For  my  part 
Further  orders 


Great  extent 


125 


PRINCIPLES  GOVERNING  THE  USES  OF  R  HOOKS 

1.  A  wide  initial  hook  on  the  left-hand  side  of  P,  B,  T,  D,  and  017 
the  under  side  of  K  and  G  expresses  ar,  er,  ir,  or,  ur,  immediately  after 
the  sound  of  the  stroke,  where  such  strokes  are  used  medially  and  finally. 
These  syllabic  strokes  are  made  half  length  to  add  the  sound  of  either 
T  or  D. 

2.  Above  strokes  modified  by  the  wide  initial  hook  are  used  in  both 
the  Second  and  Third  Positions;  but,  when  thus  used,  the  wide  initial 
hook  expresses  the  initial  syllables  am,  em,  im,  om,  urn,  before  P  and  B ; 
and  the  initial  syllables  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  before  T,  D,  K  and  G. 

3.  To  change  an  initial  -m  hook  to  an  -n  hook,  insert  a  dot  within 
the  hook. 


X 


^r 


^ 


^ 


2^. 


paper 


_,  proper 


_,  improper 
.,  briber 


_  daughter 
,  editor 
_  water 
_  quitter 
„  kicker 
„  gagger 
_  figure 
_  totterest 
„  impose 
_  imbosom 
_  embarrass 
_into 


1 


X 


1 


X 


> 


:v 


^ 


3 


<\ 


T 


i. 


^ 


1_ 


2 


T 


-intended 

-intuition 

-induced 

-indeed 

-indented 

-embezzle 

-embower 

-embodied 

-imposition 

.embolden 

-impossible 

.intention 

-inattention 

-induct 

.indicate 

.antiquated 


A. 


interior 
imbedded 


2 


-intensity 
-indicted 
-inadequate 
^-——-inadmissible 
A__ —.appointed 
unappointed 
attended 
unattended 
action 
inaction 
-opposed 
.unopposed 
.addicted 
\      _unaddicted 


-f- 
4- 


126 


USES  OF  THE  INITIAL  -M.  -N  HOOKS 


1.  The  initial  syllables  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  preceding  Ch,  J,  H,  \\h, 
Ray  and  Ex  strokes  may  be  expressed  by  a  wide  initial  hook  on  the 
left-hand  side  of  Ch,  J,  H,  Wh,  and  on  the  under  side  of  Ray  and  Ex 
strokes. 

2.  The  initial  syllables  an,  en,  in,  on,  un  preceding  F,  V,  Th,  L,  S, 
Z,  W,  Sh,  Y,  N  and  Qu,  and  the  initial  syllables  am,  em,  im,  om,  um 
also,  preceding  F  and  M  may  be  expressed  by  a  wide  initial  hook  written 
on  the  concave  side  of  the  strokes ;  and  such  strokes  may  be  written  in 
both  Second  and  Third  Positions.  But,  in  Third  Position,  a  short  vowel 
sound  precedes  the  sound  of  the  stroke  letter,  and  therefore,  comes 
immediately  after  the  sound  of  the  initial  syllables  expressed  by  the 
wide  hook. 

3.  To  change  an  initial  -n  hook  to  an  -m  hook,  insert  a  dot  within 
the  hook. 


l 


inch 


J_ enjoins 

^~^      inhuman 


2 


in  his 


t^7  enrich 

c^/_  enraged 

t  in  relation 

/~^  in  regard 

C^-  in  referring 

^t>  in  reference 

/f\  in  response 
..annexation 


-f-* 


•inexcusable 


^/fjnexistent 


•s       inexpedient  o         inefficiency 


J inexplicable 

unexpected 
inexorable 


<<f~^  -inlets 


^ 


J?    unexcelled 


■f- 


inland 

ineligible 

investment 


^       unexplained  i£L^_enlightenment 


-3- 


S-. 


<*r 


^ 


unexceptional 

mage 

maginary 

magine 

nfuse 

n  voice 

nvisibility 
unavoidable 


<v         enlist 
v/      environ 
unalloyed 


7 


.inquire 


^_A — inquest 
£1 


-unwise 


-incendiary 
^-unsound 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


127 


jerk 

enlist 

un forged 

corporate 

bars 

inviron 

informer 

dormant 

offer 

gurgle 

improper 

permission 

ever 

firmness 

tottered 

parsonage 

into 

marble 

intended 

barbarism 

later 

martyr 

embower 

harmony 

editor 

unsound 

merchant 

birthplace 

water 

fortune 

trimmer 

inducement 

vigor 

furtive 

adversity 

inadequate 

lord 

harden 

intention 

incendiary 

first 

march 

interior 

invisibility 

north 

merge 

intimated 

neighborly 

border 

mercury 

account 

partnership 

corner 

murmur 

darkness 

persistence 

cursed 

northern 

farther 

ineligible 

farm 

nurture 

intuition 

unexcelled 

garnet 

portrait 

intimates 

unavailing 

action 

sardines 

embossed 

inattention 

enjoys 

serpent 

impunity 

imposition 

infuse 

verdure 

appointed 

unlearned 

version 

partialty 

inaction 

unguarded 

ledger 

perceive 

enlighten 

horticulture 

proper 

perjury 

ascertain 

parsimony 

alert 

portfolio 

personify 

enlargement 

vapor 

terminal 

impurity 

unappointed 

better 

vermin 

margins 

unopposed 

figure 

vertical 

portion 

in  referring 

indeed 

offered 

surname 

unexceptional 

inches 

cheaper 

attended 

inefficiency 

annex 

leader 

indicate 

enlightenment 

imagine 

carnal 

indicted 

un  forgiven 

inquire 

intense 

partake 

unburdened 

carbon 

perplex 

darkest 

termination 

cornice 

pursuit 

forward 

pursuance 

corn 

surprise 

persecute 

permissive 

crane 

versify 

impolite 

northwardly 

curtain 

assert 

partisan 

marvelously 

inform 

reaper 

participle 

harmonious 

debtor 

farmer 

performer 

accordance 

mercy 

furnish 

perpetrate 

investment 

hardly 

figured 

dormitory 

unexpected 

harvest 

induced 

indisposed 

impossible 

hurtful 

inveigle 

northward 

unforeseen 

market 

hardship 

unworthy 

perspective 

cornet 

trotter 

embolden 

percentage 

128 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


£ 


^7 


i. 


^r 


^ 


^ 


y 


\ 


^L 


T^~ 


-^£> 


In  some  other 
Do  you  believe 
Mr.  President 
To  your  account 
On  one  occasion 
On  the  part  of 
Part  of  your 
Promissory  note 
Quite  certain 
Quite  sure 
Quarter  section 
Yours  truly 
Yours  very  truly 
Very  truly  yours 
Truly  yours 
Yours  sincerely 
Sincerely  yours 


L^_^^      It  seems  to  me 
C  Unless  it  is 


&L. 


Unless  there  is 
Unless  there  are 


J-C3T 


\j 


¥^ 


fc 


3 


3 


<4r 


4 


^^ 


V 


n  all  probability 

f  it  is  necessary 

f  there  is  none 

f  there  is  no  one 

t  is  therefore 

t  was  to  have  been 

am  in  receipt  of 
your  favor 
am  in  receipt  of 
your  esteemed  letter 
am  in  receipt  of 
your  esteemed  favor 
am  in  receipt  of 
your  esteemed  order 
We  are  in  receipt  of 
your  letter 

,Ve  are  in  receipt  of 
your  esteemed  letter 

Are  are  in  receipt  of 
your  favor 
decline  to  say 

do  not  think  so 

shall  therefore 

suppose  there  is 

n  order  to  do  so 

n  order  to  have 

s  not  possible 

s  there  any  objection 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


129 


-In  hoping  for  the 
Jn  the  first  place 
^^"\=, In  the  second  place 


^ 


3 


Under  separate  cover 
In  as  much  as  it 


-Under  the  circum- 
stances 
Under  consideration 


ns — -^ 


.J  beg  to  inclose 
-You  may  be  sure 


t 


— ^ — Inclosed  please  find 
In  order  to  judge 


JL^ 


^ What  is  your  business 

.Up  to  the  time 
_In  order  to  see 
_In  such  manner 
Democratic  party 

^ Republican  party 


o7% 


r/\</     You  will  be  sorry 
__%___  I  am  very  sure 
(-A>/    I  am  very  sorry 
_Several  days  ago 


•Some  years  ago 


State  how  many 

^— Railroad  company 

('     '     Railway  company 

^4 Real  estate 

-> To  call  attention 


<T~  ^   While  there  is 
_  Without  doubt 
Without  that 


i 


^"""j       All  my  attention 
I A  contract 


n 


.  A  great  deal 
[A  great  many 
.And  is  not 
.And  of  the 
.Any  other  time 
3i In  a  day  or  two 


o       Tn  a  day  or  so 

_  There  are  none 


1 At  any  rate 

i^i)        Railroad  station 


130 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  -M  -N  HOOKS 


=&  ambiguous 
_analogous 
y^P analysis 

/l,  analytic 

•-o  analyze 


!^2. 


embellishment    ^j< 

embassies  p) 

gr~ff  emissary 


fN©. 


0 emphatic 

^2 enchain 


SL 


£ 


^ 


unchastity 
enactment 


% 


i 


.enrollment 
.entangled 
.enthusiast 
envious 
imagery 
unadjustable 
immediate 


^ 


cry 


T-^ 


^/ 


^4- 


^Y 


^ 


^v^ 


& 


^ 


mmaterial 

mmaturc 

mmensely 

mmerse 

mmigration 

mmoral 

mmortality 

mmunity 

m  mutable 

mpassable 

mpassionable 

mperial 

mperishable 

mpious 

mposter 

mpiety 

mpulsive 

naccuracy 

narticulate 

mpoverish 

nasmuch 

mpassioned 


131 


\ 


VT 


0=, 


1 


\ 


2 


^T 


£■ 


f~ 


«w 


u 


^ 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  -M  -N  HOOKS 
inaugural  Q  ^ — *       infamous         °^  inquisition 


-incalculable    r 

-incapable 

.incubate 

.indemnity 

.independence. 

.indestructible^ 

-indeterminate 


i 


-J- 


> 


I 


4- 


.Indian 
indictment 
.indigestion 
.indiscernible  , 
.indispensable. 

.indisposition L 

.indulgence 


Zj 


.intensity 

.indwelling 

-ineffable 

-inelegance 

-inertia 

-inestimable 

-inevitable 


_1^. 


^ 


y- 


2^ 


n~/° 


1 


* 


1 


iu 


.infantry 

infatuate 

infinite 
.ingenious 
.inglorious 
.inhale 
-inherence 

inhospitable, 
.inquiry 

initial 
.  initiation 
.injection 
.injudicious      V/\ 

injuriously        t, 

innovate  J 

innumerable     v^ 
.inoculate  I 

.inoffensive 
.inordinate 
.inorganic 


insatiate 

insurable 

intelligence 

intemperance 

intentional 

intensify 


—  intangible 

—  inthrall 
— introduce 

—  introduction 


f 


££. 


inosculation       J 


-  untwist 
-invalid 
-invariably 
—involve 
—umbrage 
_umbrella 

—  unaided 

-  unaccepted 
-unacceptable 
—unaccustomed 

—  inexistent 


132 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  -M  -N  HOOKS 


£. 


^> 


invention 
unaccountable 
unacquainted 
unaffected 
^__^    nnanimated 
^^cy/* unanswerable 


l 


X 


^ 


r 


unheeded 
unhesitating 
unhinge 
unholy 


.unarmed 
-unaspiring 
-unassisted 
.untenable 
unattainable 


<<X  unlawful 

^T°  unless 

S,  unlike 

^  unlucky 


^z^. 


.unassumed  (V       unlimited 

.unfashionable      <~^_<  unmanly 

unmask 
unmerited 
unmindful 
unmistakable 
unnatural 
unnecessary 
unnoticeable 
unquenchable 
unquestioned 


t 
?- 


ii 


-unquestionable 
<^  unreasonable 


<<\r> —  unredeemed 
-<*/ unregenerate 


unrewarded 


J  -_,      unshaken 


_  unship 


£SL 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


133 


impel 

suppressed 

intentional 

antecedence 

plied 

imperial 

invitations 

impossible 

unjust 

impurity 

umbrella 

indescribable 

unless 

inaction 

unassisted 

inelegance 

unfair 

indelible 

unceasing 

inadmissible 

entail 

indicate 

incessant 

impoverish 

enact 

infallible 

ungallant 

indeterminate 

impart 

analysis 

untenable 

embellishment 

unwise 

ancestor 

inordinate 

enactment 

untrue 

endanger 

inoculate 

unsociable 

implied 

unfasten 

unwritten 

un  regenerate 

supplied 

unhandy 

untimely 

indemnity 

pressed 

unknown 

unmerited 

impassable 

unused 

impious 

unlawful 

impassioned 

indorser 

enchant 

unlimited 

unworthiness 

industry 

entangle 

unhappily 

anatomical 

unyoke 

imitator 

unshaken 

unmistakable 

annual 

energize 

unfeigned 

unquestionable 

Indian 

enravish 

unsolicited 

unpardonable 

inquire 

unmask 

entangled 

unaccountable 

insure 

untidily 

analogous 

imperceivable 

intense 

emissary 

impolitic 

unavoidable 

another 

unusually 

unfurled 

unrighteous 

unborn 

envelope 

impeached 

unredeemed 

infinite 

uncalled 

impassive 

unnecessary 

entitle 

immodest 

invention 

unfavorable 

entirely 

impatient 

introduce 

unhappiness 

infidel 

inglorious 

endeavor 

•  immaterial 

unable 

unlucky 

enjoyment 

immaculate 

invade 

innovate 

anticipate 

endowment 

unapt 

insurable 

embarrass 

unassumed 

inherit 

imbecile 

infectious 

unaffected 

initial 

untraveled 

ambitious 

intelligence 

enrage 

unvarying 

imperfect 

embroidered 

enigma 

endurance 

inaccuracy 

-  introduction 

invalid 

enrapture 

incapable 

unacquainted 

inhuman 

immigrant 

immense 

unanswerable 

injustice 

unfinished 

unworthy 

unfortunate 

insatiate 

indictment 

intimately 

unnoticeable 

imperil 

incalculate 

inability 

unreasonable 

import 

unmanly 

inaugural 

unrewarded 

antidote 

unbiased 

immunity 

unvarnished 

impressed 

ingenious 

ambiguous 

indorsement 

oppressed 

enthusiasm 

immovable 

independence 

134 

THE  ONE  THOUSAND  MOST  FREQUENTLY  USED  WORDS 

Sixth  Installment. 


across 

director 

important 

preliminary 

steamer 

address 

district 

imprison 

prepare 

suffer 

agreement 

doctor 

improvement 

present 

support 

appreciate 

drill 

increase 

president 

sure 

April 

driven 

inform 

»     pretty 

surprise 

assure 

drown 

information 

price 

teacher 

board 

effort 

interest 

primary 

term 

born 

emergency 

January 

principal 

theater 

bridge 

enter 

learn 

principle 

third 

bring 

entertain 

letter 

print 

thirty 

broke 

entrance 

majority 

prison 

three 

brother 

express 

March 

private 

through 

burn 

extra 

matter 

proceed 

Thursday 

capture 

extreme 

measure 

progress 

track 

car 

father 

mere 

promise 

train 

card 

feature 

more 

prompt 

travel 

celebration 

figure 

morning 

proper 

treasure 

center 

firm 

mother 

property 

trip 

charge 

first 

near 

prove 

trouble 

children 

four 

neighbor 

provide 

true 

Christmas 

forty 

neither 

rather 

truly 

church 

forward 

provision 

recover 

trust 

circular 

fourth 

never 

refer 

try 

cordially 

free 

newspaper 

reference 

turn 

country 

Friday 

north 

regard 

understand 

course 

friend 

offer 

report 

warm 

court 

front 

other 

restrain 

water 

cover 

further 

over 

return 

weather 

crowd 

grant 

part 

river 

winter 

dark 

great 

perhaps 

Saturday 

wonder 

daughter 

heart 

perfect 

search 

wonderful 

December 

honor 

person 

short 

world 

degree 

horse 

personal 

sir 

yard 

department 

hurt 

pleasure 

sister 

yesterday 

destroy 

illustrate 

popular 

prefer 

yonder 

MISCELLANEOUS  PRINCIPLES 

1.  Fulness,  as  in  blissfulness,  mirthfulness,  truthfulness,  etc.,  may 
be  expressed  by  F  stroke  written  near  to  or  through  the  preceding  part 
of  the  word. 

2.  Ship,  as  in  seamanship,  courtship,  senatorship,  etc.,  may  be  ex- 
pressed by  Sh  stroke  written  near  to  or  through  the  preceding  part  of  the 
word. 

3.  Larity,  as  in  polarity,  hilarity,  regularity,  etc.,  may  be  expressed 
by  l-rt. 

4.  Tality,  tility,  as  in  futility,  mortality,  etc.,  may  be  expressed  by 
t-lt. 

5.  Belness,  as  in  feebleness,  changeableness,  etc.,  may  be  expressed 
by  b-l-ns. 


135 


PRINCIPLES  GOVERNING  THE  USE  OF  STROKE  S 

1.  The  S  stroke  is  used  initially  in  Second  Position  (a)  when  it  is 
the  only  consonant  in  the  word;  (b)  when  it  is  followed  by  shun,  s-,  or 
ss;  and  (c)  in  words  of  two  or  more  syllables  where  it  is  followed  by  a 
long  vowel  sound. 


1 say 

J says 

J       ceased 


A 


A 


.1 


saucy 
ceases 
session 


_d .secede 

I— ^ seamy 


d secession 

_satan 


Y?    solo 


2= sacred 


2.     The  S  stroke  may  be  used  to  express  the  initial  syllables  s-st  s-z, 
s-s~,  s-z-. 


J-*.     schism 
ck.      scissors 

J sister 

J system 

suspicion 


\ 


suspense 
sustains 
susceptible 
suspender 


■V — --cistern 
-& — sizable 
-U- — saucily 
society 


\ 


sustenance 


o\    cisalpine 


4 


4, 


seaside 
seaport 


) suspiration   —A sausage  jK     Cicero 


3.     The  S  stroke  is  used  initially  in  Third  Position  to  express  a  short 
vowel  sound  before  the  sound  of  S. 


I 


.ask 

.assume 
.asbestos 
aspersion 


.aside 


7^ 


V\    aslope 
.espy 
assertion 


-ascension 
4^ — assessment 

_j assets 

assistance 


_5 


H 


i 


.  espousal 
essential 
assumpsit 
ostensible 


4.  Either  S  stroke  or  C  circle  may  be  used  to  express  S  before  a 
long  vowel  and  N;  but  Fourth  Position  is  used  to  express  S  before  a 
short  vowel  and  N. 


.soon 
.soon 


n       sounded 
JL^sounded 


scented 


T 


.  since 
century 


136 


PREFIXES  EXPRESSED  BY  DETACHED  CHARACTERS 

1.  The  initial  syllables  con,  com,  cum,  cog,  may  be  expressed  by  a 
dot  or  period  written  at  the  beginning  end  of  the  stroke  that  follows  the 
prefix. 


7* 


^r 


.combatant 
.combative 
.combustible 
-combustion 
.convertible 
commercial 


\.       competitor 
_\^_complainant 
_\=3_complexional 
_\__compliable 

\/       component 


4r 


-&- 


A^ 


^3- 

.s~lS      commiseration 


commissioner 
communion 


'y       comportable 
\       composure 
\      comprehend 


T 


compact 
-^> — companion 


comprehensible    ^r> 
comprehension  , L 


.concerts 
concessive 
conciliation 

.conciseness 
concord 

.concrete 

-concordance 
comrade 
confessor 
confidential 


—^—comparable 
.\/     comparative 
— ^ — compassionate 


.comprehensive  Jk==L_ configuration 
.cognate  _L=e ,  confinements 


\*>    compatible 
— * — compatriot 


i — compendious 
—compensate 

^ compensation 

.compensatory 


— ^=^ — cumbersome 
— -£ — compulsive 

^ — compunction 

, L — conceited 

L conceded 


* 


/ 


f 


V 


v^ conceivable 

_a- conception 

^-n,  concernment 


A^ 


L 


.confraternity 
-congestion 
-congestive 
.cognizant 
-congruent 
.confluence 
congruity 
-conjecture 


137 


ADDITIONAL  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  CON,  COM  DOT 


jL 


conjoint 


-A— conjugal 

_4^ conjunction 

/^ conjunctive 

//        conjuncture 
1/       conjuration 


A. 


conqueror 
conscience 
conscientious 


v\ controllable 

U— g) contumacy 


*^ consciously 

v    conscript 
J=^_  consecration 


va        convenes 
v>— p     convenience 
W       convenient 


v^       conventional 


/  conjure 


j^ 


conjurer 
connect 


) — c      consecrated 
consecutive 


> 


converge 


^^ 


<r,      connections 
.connivance 


conservation 


conserves 


x±/  connoisseur 
connubial 


L        contrast 


Vq.,       conversant 
v/^    convolutions 
^a        conversation 


I 


i. 


contrasted 
contrition 


'<~y~    conversely 

o      conversion 

^      convertible 


*X 


2.  The  syllables  con,  com,  cum,  cog,  occurring  medially,  are  ex- 
pressed by  the  dot  written  on  the  right-hand  side  of  a  perpendicular 
or  inclined  stroke,  and  on  the  under  side  of  a  horizontal  one. 


recognize 


X*\      recompense 
J^—^      discommode 
discontent 
reconcile 


misconduct 
miscompute 
rK^       disconcern 


_  reconciliation 
X-^ disconnect 


X^       disconsolate 
gs&j       misconstrue 


Jv        discomposure 
discontinue 


e 


misconception 


138 


METHOD  OF  EXPRESSING  PREFIXES  CON,  COM,  SELF,  CIR- 

CUM,  ACCOM 

1.  Con,  initial,  may  be  expressed  by  the  Ou  stroke,  modified  by  a 
small  initial  hook  on  the  right-hand  side;  and  Com,  initial,  may  be  ex- 
pressed by  the  Ou  stroke  modified  by  a  small  initial  hook  on  the  left- 
hand  side. 

2.  These  hooks  may  be  widened  to  prefix  the  initial  syllables  in  and 
un,  thereby  expressing  the  initial  syllables  incon,  uncon;  incom,  uttcotn. 
They  may  be  closed  into  a  circle  to  express  self-con  and  self-corn,  re- 
spectively. 


concise 

<p 

consist 

c^ 

commute 

^ 

commit 

c/ 

come 

L^ 

income 

-i 

comedian 

«A 


C\ 


c^> 


committee 

commence 

commended 

commissions 

incomplete 

incoming 

connote 


J 


o^7 


<2 


^L 


-inconsistent 
_self-command 
.self-conscious 
.self-contented 


°^NQy  self-complacent 
crl         self-consistent 


•f 


self-conceit 


3.  Self,  may  be  expressed  by  a  small  circle  written  at  the  beginning 
end  of  the  stroke  that  follows.  Circum,  may  be  expressed  by  a  small 
circle  written  near  the  middle  of  the  stroke  that  follows.  Accom,  may 
be  expressed  by  lengthened  K  stroke  in  Third  Position.  Contra,  contri, 
contro,  counter,  may  be  expressed  by  a  short  stroke  written  at  a  right 
angle  near  the  beginning  end  of  the  stroke  that  follows.  Magna,  tnagni, 
may  be  expressed  by  disjoined  M  stroke. 


\^_j£p — self-denial 


circumscribe      -J^ controvert 


o 


-self-esteem 
.selfishness 
A self-interest 


^F 


I 


circumspect 

accommodate 

accomplish 


X 


.counterfeit 
.counteract 
.Magna  Charta 


A circumcision          \,  -/     contraband  ^-^       magnify 

£.     »    circumflex  \^        contribution         L       magnitude 


139 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


— ^ — I  believe 

J  call  attention 
Jf  possible 
-It  will  be 
J It  will  not 


-^\ — From  your  own  — ^ To  your 

^=%^-In  like  manner   — ^ Of  your 

-P In  the  city  — \ By  your 

In  the  state         -^ About  your 


4° Just  as  much  as  — k=2» — In  the  morning In 


-y 

fi Let  us  see 

J_ Let  us  hear 

_X Much  more  than 


full 


No  doubt 


^ .Of  which 

Off  and  on 

On  its 

On  or  before 


■fy 


.In  other  words 


In  everything 
sD In  your  state 


1 


(>> 


y 


cO        In  your  city 
D        In  your  way 


1 


J_ 


t 


£ 


i- 


N 


.In  your  own 
.In  your  day 
.It  is  clear 
.It  was  not 
.It  was  to  be 
I  consider  it 


—Full  extent 
_In  all  the 
_In  all  your 
_In  all  that 
^_In  all  cases 

_Jn  one  case 
__In  addition 
—In  advance 
_In  the 

X In  its  own 

v    "*     In  other 


\ 


£ 


^~~\^.  I  do  not  know  r  Enough  of 

/       In  order  that  0  In  which 

>      In  order  to  be  9  In  your 

It  will  not  do  \  I  stated 


140 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


Good  conduct      /v^    Let  us  not 

Good  sense       <i_ In  relation 

c\    In  response 

I ,    Do  you  know 

Do  vou  think 


_| Ts  it  not 

_p .Has  it  not 

I      0    It  may  serve 
/^       Let  us  know 


/^N    Let  us  be 
(^         Let  us  go 


^__ Do  you  have 
d Do  you  see 


/^V- Let  us  have 

_QfL^^_Yes  or  no 
^-^     Ynnng  man 


_  Young  men 


.Do  you  say 
Air.  Chairman 
About  it 
Of  all  these 
Of  my  own 


.Young  woman      (^      Qn  his  part 
.Young  women       \6    Qn  the  whole 


\ Apt  to  be 

1    In  a  day 
^    y    In  a  safe 
C       .In  this 
_C .In  that 


One  or  more 


Nq,    Per  cent 
Per  month 


/»->    Let  us  not  do  so 
f      V  Let  us  not  have 
(        \Let  us  now  have 


<z  In  regard  to  the 

matter 
<^\, .In  reply  to  your 

r  letter 

t^V,    In  reply  to  your 

y         esteemed  letter 
VX~^  During  the  time 

1/^1       During  all  the  time 

L-^      Do  you  mean  to  be 

|\         Do  you  remember 


^T 


Mean  to  be  under- 
stood 
More  and  more 

More  or  less 

Parties  of  the 

second  part 
Parties  of  the 

first  part 
Place  of  business 


c~*      In  these 


win  a  vise 


No     Postal  card 
N^IPro  rata 
o/\  With  respect 
i/C    Worse  than 


/K       Replying  to  yours 

Replying  to  your 

letter 

We' are  in  receipt  of 

your  esteemed  letter 

We  are  in  receipt  of 

"  your  esteemed  favor 


141 


PHRASE  AND  SENTENCE  WRITING 


Had  you  the 
Had  you  seen 

Had  been 

i Had  you  been 


±. 


t 


■How  do  you  know  °> 

.1  will  go  by  the  _^ 

.Just  so  as  the 


^ 


j Had  not 

i Had  you  not 

L Have  seen 


_  Ladies  and 
gentlemen 
On  either  hand 

— On  the  other  hand. 


17~ 


T 


On  the  one  hand      >g 


Have  you  seen     /X       There  is  nothing      ^ 


X^7 

^        Have  been 

-^ Have  you  been 

Have  vou  not 


-V Please  find 

^..Enclosed  find 
n  about 
n  above 
n  opposition 
n  obtaining 
n  defense 
n  whose 
n  heaven 


l^-P 


? 


Z- 


Ln  question 
In  some  cases 

sjl. Just  so  as  the      ___^_   _In  such  cases 

[n  consideration 
[n  substance 
[n  several 
[n  excess 
[n  extent 
[n  for  the 
[n  that 
In  these  . 

£)- We  will  not  say        x^  Price  list 

\/)rs     We  at  once  sent    \\        Per  barrel 
d  you  ~f 

c — P       In  case  it  is  s^,        Per  pint 

<rr~~">        In  my  own  time      \  j^.  Per  dozen 

^7     In  the  meantime -^3— Vice  versa 
^"^     In  the  course  of  J —     pays  ago 
— ^J9    In    worse    condi-  V         Few  days  ago 

As  large  as 


s\,     .  There  is  no  doubt    S 
z__7— — There  is  no  such_C_ 

1 


v- 


We  do  not  wish 


c~* 


n  less  time 


a        tions. 
v — <y\J   Tn  a  worse 
condition 
^-^\%  In  worse 
positions 
oiln  a  worse 
position 


_S^__I  am  sorry 

We  are  sorrv 


142 


USES  OF  INITIAL  S  CIRCLE 

1.  Initial  S  may  be  expressed  by  the  S  circle  written  on  the  right- 
hand  side  of  P  and  T;  on  the  upper  side  of  K;  and  on  the  concave  side 
of  F,  L,  M,  N,  W  and  Qu.  It  is  written  on  the  R  hook  side  of  P,  T 
and  K  to  retain  the  sound  of  R. 


screw 


f    slay 


snow 


^       sway 
squire 


2.  The  Positional  method  of  expressing  initial,  coalescent 
forth  in  paragraph  1,  page  31,  is  briefer  than  the  method  abo.     0 
and  is  preferable  generally.    However,  words  of  common  consonant  out- 
lines, such  as  stake  and  stick;  spoke  and  speak,  may  be  differentiated  by 
employing  the  two  methods. 

3.  S  circle  may  be  used  initially  on  all  Third  Position  strokes  to 
show  that  a  short  vowel  sound  comes  before  the  sound  of  the  stroke, 
and  that  a  second  vowel  sound  comes  immediately  after  the  sound  of 
the  stroke.  If  deemed  advisable  to  show  whether  the  second  vowel  has 
the  long  or  the  short  sound,  the  initial  stroke  may  be  lengthened  and 
written  according  to  the  principles  stated  in  paragraphs  5  and  6,  page  21. 


r 


-city 
.settee 


K 


_sophist 
p suffice 


-S= silly 

-t-= — — sallow 


t 


V 


.sadiron 
.saturate 


I 


-supposition 
.sufficiency 
.sapphire 
.Sadducee 


143 


USES  OF  S  CIRCLE 
1.     Illustrations  of  the  use  of  initial  C  circle  in  Second  Position. 

JUL -sold  (^         sideboard  -V—  southeast 

v  savior  C  southward  _j£2_  soldier 


2.     The  prefix  super  may  be  expressed  by  half-length  P  stroke  (s-per) 
in  Fourth  P«itit  i. 


/^°       supercilious              ^,      superlative 
superhuman  superior 


a  normal  length  stroke  shows  that  its  sound  follows  its 
sound. 


X" 


suburb 


cork 


—  ^    ..suburban 


/colm  Glover, 
.eadville,  Colo. 

[r  Sir :    I-am  thinking  of  joining-the  military  band  which  played 

Jksonville,    Florida,    last   winter.      They    played    very    classical 

f,  and-have-a  splendid  band  leader,  whose  name  is  Clarence  Wen- 

He-is-a   relative   of-mine,   and    I-feel   very   kindly   toward   him, 

as-he-has  had  such-a  good  influence  over  my  son. 

I  should-think  you-would  join  also,  as-you  are  very  musical,  and 
play  the  flute  quite  well.  Send  in-your  application  with  mine.  The 
application  fee  is  ten-dollars. 

Let  me  know  what-you  decide  to-do. 

Very-truly, 


READING  EXERCISE 


1  2~..s\< 


+± 


3  .  ,    i    (i 


k 


H 


3^ 


H    '    f  >  ^ 


U^ f 2_ 


144 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  INITIAL  S  CIRCLE. 

1.     Illustrations  of  the  use  of  S  circle  in  Second  Position  applied 
to  half-length  strokes. 


^  scarf 

o_  scorpion 

\,  spurs 

\,  spurt 


-^—- — scarlet 
-scurvy 


_scorch 


L 


P         stark 


L^ 


.spurn 

-start 

.storm 


^ —     spark 
\        sparkle 
?      sturgeon 


-?=* — scorn 


-A —  spurgeon 

\      spurned 
_£ stars 


stormy         .  V^    starlight 


2.  A  large  number  of  words  commence  with  the  initial  syllables  an, 
en,  in,  on,  un,  followed  by  coalesent  S.  In  such  words,  the  initial  syl- 
lable is  expressed  by  a  short  curl  before  the  S  circle. 


*\.  ensl 


ave 


SAL 


-inspiratory 


unsteady 

-a instance       \/. —  inspirational     L instill 

-k instanrerl    _a=v inscriotion  L-^    en  stamp 


inspect 


\ 


-instanced 
J unstudied 


rt 


-inscription 
-inscrutable 


-instances 


-jd. — instantly     —J instantaneous  -  I — 'instigate 

\/   inspirit        _J — <l — instructress         1    c    instructed 


^—-inspire 
-1^- — instep 
-L instead 

I- 


instruct 
unscrew 


V-q    ensconces  -^=? — instrumental       ^-r    unskillful   — L —  unstable 
\/    insDiring     J— installation 


inspiring 

-L unstopped  _L instability 

unspun       .Zv^^unspeakable 
inscroll           lb        institution 
inscribe 


unscorched. 


-!==}— instructor  —L=»— instrument 
a=^_  unscrubbed-*-^N    unscraped 

J unstrung    — & — install 

^-^\  ensnare       — « unstrained 

^—-onslaught    —— 1 — unsweetened 


145 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  THE  -N  HOOK  BEFORE  S 

1.  In  words  commencing  with  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  followed  by  the 
sound  of  S  and  a  short  vowel  sound,  the  C  circle  may  be  used,  and  the 
stroke  written  in  Third   Position. 


r 


~^~V 


*=*- 


f 


.unsaid 
.insensate 
.insult 
unsaddle 


^r 


*e 


unsettled 
inserted 
unsubstantial 
unsuccessful 


~*5 


^unselfish 
_insensible 
unsatisfied 


f 


^7- 


msigma 


-F 


"9=- 


.  inset 
unsung 
in  such 
insect 


2.  Where  a  long  vowel  sound  follows  the  sound  of  S,  in  words 
commencing  with  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  the  C  circle  must  be  used,  and  the 
stroke  must  be  written  in  Second  Position. 


j£L 


enseal  _g_^ 

insolence     >—^ 


unseen 
insomuch 


J^ 


T 


insecure 


y/      unsavory     ( 

insobriety  J£^. unseasonably  _r3^__unsalable  _£ 

insanely         jk         unsocial  -rrS~    unseemly     c 


JL^y    insane 
^°     unsold 
unseat 
unseated 


3.  In  words  commencing  with  an,  en,  in,  on,  un,  followed  by  the 
sound  of  S,  a  short  vowel  sound  and  another  vowel  sound,  the  S  circle 
must  be  used,  and  the  stroke  written  in  Third  Position. 

s?       insulation   -v^V- m salubrious  S^/^.  inseparable     Sl_^^ insanity 

■^ en  si  form        ^     insoluble         -X^/>-  insufferable  _^a_  ensilage 


4.  The  class  of  words,  first  above  given,  may  be  written  as  follows : 
Write  the  stroke  in  Fourth  Position,  modified  by  a  large  initial  hook, 
to  express  the  initial  syllables  an,  en,  in,  on,  un. 


7* 


insect 
un supped 
insulted 


(V_c 


cA^ 


insubordinate 

unselfish 

unserviceable 


QS> 


incense 


in  such 
unsaid 


77" 


.insult 
inset 
.insert 


146 


<s — 


ADDITIONAL  ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  1  EX  STROKE 

accentuate 


.1 


accelerate 
axle 


—executive 
-^executioner 
y\/^  exfoliate 


7 


/f? —  exaggerate 

-y\P  exasperation 

/ \      excavation 


^\^ excerpt 

exchange 


—expediency 
expenditure 
expiate 
explainable 
explanatory 


expostulate 
/"v — exposure 
y\.       expressible 
,/\        expurgation 

extensible 


t 


extensive 


y^v exquisite 

/> — -,       extinguished 
extirpation 
extract 
extricate 
extrajudicial 
extraneous 
extravagance 


t 


i-P— 


^> 


exordial 

exorable 

exultant 

inexhaustible 

inexertion 

inaccessible 

inexact 

unexercised 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


147 


association 

aside 

excommunicate 

ensconces 

silent 

assertion 

exordium 

sisterhood 

sacred 

astronomy 

expediency 

sustenance 

suspension 

assists 

explainable 

soliloquy 

suspense 

exchange 

expostulate 

ostensible 

exasperation 

extravagance 

extemporaneous 

exaggerate 

extraneous 

exposure 

extricate 

excruciate 

excitement 

existent 

commissioner 

exhortation 

exercised 

exporter 

comparative 

expatriate 

extract 

combination 

compensation 

expurgation 

exile 

comparison 

comprehension 

extemporary 

extension 

competitor 

conclusiveness 

extradition 

expressly 

misconduct 

congeniality 

extortioner 

expert 

recompense 

confidential 

combativeness 

commercial 

cognate 

congressional 

communion 

conclusion 

congress 

confluent 

complainant 

disconcern 

conscience 

conjunction 

comprehensive 

reconcile 

commotion 

conscientious 

compunctious 

congregate 

self-possessed 

conservatory 

conception 

convenes 

connect 

conversant 

concordance 

competition 

circumference 

convertible 

configuration 

discontinue 

counterfeit 

disconnect 

conglomeration 

convenience 

magnanimity 

commended 

conflagration 

comprehend 

suppose 

commingle 

consecutive 

committee 

counterpart 

selfishness 

conventional 

self-esteem 

skill 

circumjacent 

incompletely 

circumvent 

slanted 

circumspect 

disconsolate 

counteract 

spheres 

counterpoise 

recognize 

accommodate 

smart 

accomplishment 

commentator 

commonplace 

start 

sphere 

self-denial 

separation 

sport 

supposition 

circumnavigate 

schooled 

scarce 

suppressed 

contraband 

suppression 

instructed 

salacious 

accompany 

storm 

insomuch 

squirm 

Magna  Charta 

splendid 

unsubstantial 

splutterest 

strangled 

sprays 

insalubrious 

sacrifice 

spherical 

inscription 

insubordinate 

.schoolmaster 

sufficed 

unseen 

secession 

scarlatina 

instrumental 

inseparable 

susceptible 

instantaneous 

unsprung 

unsaid 

seamanship 

unseasonably 

unsociable 

in  such 

ascension 

unsufferable 

insensate 

sustains 

assessment 

unsatisfied 

insignia 

assortment 

asunder 

unserviceable 

insulted 

seclusion 

suspicious 

excellence 

glycerine 

148 

MISCELLANEOUS  PRINCIPLES 

1.  On  any  straight  stroke,  the  -n  hook  may  be  dotted  to  change  il  to 
-m,  and  the  -m  hook  may  be  dotted  to  change  it  to  -n. 

(\,    impute  J       image  J into  H     in  it 

%,,  unpaid  7     unadjusted     'I      empty  _f|_Emmett 

2.  The  prefix  Un  may  be  expressed  by  N  stroke  in  Third  Position. 
^jT\  unwielded .     ^  uninclosed        ^,-   unending        „_,    ■  unengaged 

.^JHunenrolled       y    unwarranted -^g=^-unmirthful    -^===c=runhonored 

3.  The  prefix  Un  may  be  expressed  by  brief  Y  joined  to  half-length 
strokes. 

unendorsed  _^Jl_uninformed    -^> — unbarred    _m_  unuttered 

_? — unenforced        «\       unpardoned    -^S — unburden  _H__  unadorned 
_j unimportant    <k  uninterested  __i — unborn          u        unoffered 

4.  The  prefix  Un  may  be  expressed  by  brief  Y  joined  initially  to 
-m,  -n,  R  and  L  hooks. 

__^__  unimplored  «\         nrmhridgpd  _jL uninhabited 

*\        unimposed  -^—  unbraided  J        unimaginable 

V uninvited                r          unhealthy  ^         uninfluenced 

,c\  unapproved  j/*       unendurable  _£ inapplicable 

5.  Where  En,  In,  Un  is  followed  by  a  long  vowel  sound,  the  vowel 
strokes  modified  by  the  N  hook  may  be  used. 

\     enable  \^  enebriate    innocent       c-^ unused 

c —       unable  ^ —        inaugurate       flx    inodorous  J^l__un,'deal 


149 


WORDS  DISTINGUISHED  BY  VOWEL  LOCATION 


Prosecute,  pr-s-k-t 
Persecute,  p-rs-k-t 
Prescription,  pr-sk-pshun 
Proscription,  pr-skr-pshun 

-^- Parisian,  P-r-shun 

\—p —  Operation,  -p-r-shun 

^ Portion,  p.-rshun 

\j Apportion,  -p-rshun 

\->    3 —  Perfection,  p-rf-kshun 

Imperfection,  -mp-rf-kshnn 

■A Persian,  P-rsy-n 

Prussian,  Pr-slum 
Pertain,  p-rt-n 
\r —      -  Appertain,  -p-rt-n 

\,*~ Apostle,  -p-s-l 

^y,     Epistle,  ep-s-I 
\*>  Patient,  p-shunt 

_^ Passionate,  p-shun-t 

_  Support,  s-p-rt 
_  Separate,  s-pr-t 


_v 


^ 


K7 


\       v    Applicability,  -pl-k-bility 
Proprietor,  pr-pr—t-r 
Appropriate,  -pr-pr-  -t 
-^- —  Preparation,  pr-p-r-shun 

-^^ Approbation,  -pr-b-shun 

-^o Purpose,  p-rp-s 

-^\3 Perhaps,  p-r-ps 

—^7 —  Prohibitive,  pr-  -b-tivc 

— ^b Probative,  pr-b-tive 

v-^  <     Prominent,  pr-m-n-nt 
Permanent,  p-rm-n-nt 
Preeminent,  pr-  -m-n-nt 
\^~> — Prompt,  pr-mt 
^ — > —  Promote,  pr-m-t 
^ — * — Permit,  p-rm-t 

^ 1    Permeate,  p-rm-  -t 

.^p Precede,  pr-s-d 

— ^P Prosody,  pr-s-dy 

_ifc>_ Pursuer,  p-rsur 

JV- Appraiser,  -pr-s-r 


,_  Placability,  pl-k-bility  \/* — .Inspirable.  -nsp-r-bcl 


150 


WORDS  DISTINGUISHED  BY  VOWEL  LOCATION 


A 


v 

V 


Inseparable,  -ns-pr-bel 

Insuperable,  -ns-p-r-bel 

Provoked,  pr-v-kt 

Perfected,  p-rf-kted 

Pardon,  p-rd-n 

Patron,  p-tr-n 

Production,  pr-d-kshun 

!X Predication,  pr-d-k-shun 

\-.^  Beautify,  b-t-fy 

Beatify,  b-  -t-fy 

Birth,  b-rth 

Breath,  br-th 

Baseness,  b-sn-s 

Absence,  -bs-ns 

J Turn,  t-rn 

J Train,  tr-n 

S. Stable,  st-bel 

J_ Suitable,  s-t-bel 

Traitor,  tr-t-r 

Tartar,  t-rt-r 

Utterly,   -t-rly 


■Net 


\ 


•\ 


4^ 


/\     —  Extract,  cxtr-kt 
/\      ^  .  Extricate,  extr-k-t 
a  Extension,  ext-nshun 


-/L Extenuation,  ext-n- -shun 

J Editor,  -d-t-r 

U         Debtor,  d-t-r 

Auditor,,  aud-t-r 

Adulation,  -d-l-shun 


V— Delusion,  d-l-shun 

U-~>  Diminish,  d-m-n-sh 

1^  Admonish,  -dm-n-sh 

rL  Disappoint,  d-s-p-nt 


1  Despond,  d-sp-nd 

J Destroy,  d-str- 

_L Distortion,  d-st-rsh-n 

b        Decease,  d-ses 
1  Disease,  d-s-z 

I         Idleness,  id-ln-s 
f.     Dullness,  d-ln-s 


^_  Demonstration, 
d-m-nstr-shun 


j Administration, 

*^~~\.  -dm-n-str-shun 


151 


WORDS  DISTINGUISHED  BY  VOWEL  LOCATION 

V/^         Violent,  v-  -l-nt 
^ Valiant,  v-ly-nt 


t/  Joined,  j-nd 

e/  Giant,  /-  -nt 

j  Agent,  aj-nt 

J  Gentle,  j-nt-l 

J Gentile,  j-nt-l 


^ 


1 


T 


1 


Collusion,  k-l-shun 
Coalition,  k-  -l-shun 
Credence,  kr-d-ns 
Accordance,  -k-rd-ns 
Corporal,  k-rp-r-l 
Corporeal,  k-rp-r-  -I 
Garden,  g-rd-n 
Guardian,  g-rd-  -n 


\^s?  Fairies,  f-r-s 

\^/  Furious,  f-r-  -s 

L  Favored,  f-v-rd 

{ Favorite,  f-v-r-t 

^  Flint,  fl-nt 


N^        Fluent,  fl-  -nt 
^^_^       Farm,  f-rm 

^^-->     Frame,  fr-m 


k^°         Violation,  v-  -l-shun 
v  Evolution,  -v-l-shun 


Vo     Valuation,  v-l- -shun 

Ferociousness,  f-r-sh-sn-s 
Avariciousness,  -v-r-sh-sn-s 
Alum,  -l-m 
Illume,    -l-m 
Latitude,  l-t-t-d 
Altitude,  -It-t-d 


Zl 


^1 


y± 


Writer,  r-t-r 
Reader,  r-d-r 


^y^        Orator,  -r-t-r 
_  ^        Urgent,  -rj-nt 


//         Regent,  r-j-nt 
^/       Origin,  -r-j-n 
_Wrapt,  r-pt 

Repeat,  r-p-t 
_Reform,  r-f-rin 
^-Reframe,  r-fr-m 


152 


WORDS  DISTINGUISHED  BY  VOWEL  LOCATION 


^\ — Respond,  r-sp-nd 
s*{ — Recipient,  r-s-p- -nt 
</***    Relevant,  r-l-v-nt 
~\y^t     Irrelevant,  -r-l-v-nt 

/I Written,  r-t-11 

/^         Return,  r-t-m 
_^=»=_  Migrate,  m-gr-t 
^  ^_  Emigrate,  -m-gr-t 

Measurable,  m-sy-r-bel 


-L-2 Interdiction,  -nt-rd-kshun 

— 1 — 2—  Introduction,  -ntr-d-kshun 
_! — 2 —  Induction,  -nd-kshun 

_l 2-  Indication,  -nd-k-shun 

^t —  Needless,  n-dl-s 
Endless,  endl-s 


\ — >.     Dismiss,  d-sni-s 
Deism,  d-  -sin 


_  Immeasurable,  -m-sy-r-bel 
Moral,  m-r-l 


r 

Immoral,  -m-r-l 
C^        Inevitable,  -n-v-t-bel 
C  Unavoidable,  -n-v-d-b-l 

— p       Noisy,  n-sy 

Uneasy,  un-sy 

<~^^     Unable,  un-b-l 
^^x       Noble,  n-b-l 


*X>        Proved,  pr-vd 
^       Improved,  -m  pr-vd 
^       Unimproved,  -n-nipr-vd 


\~^ —  Prism,  pr-sm 
a^v      Presume,  pr-s-m 
y\>     Repress,  r-pr-s 
X^  Reapraise.  r- -pr-s 
y^°     Reapers,  r-p-rs 
n   n  Casks,  k-sks 
n   „  Cossacks,  k-s-ks 
_Nk_=e_  Barks,  b-rks 
j\==o_  Breaks,  frr-A\s- 
\y       Barracks,  b-r-ks 

I Tack,  t-k 

I  Tacky,  /-fcy 

I Attack,  -t-k 


WORDS  DISTINGUISHED  BY  VOWEL  LOCATION 


153 


^ 


^7 


>x 


Sprays,  spr-s 
Suppers,  s-p-rs 
Suppress,  s-pr-s 
.  Reap,  r-p 
Europe,  Ur-p 


Isaac,  Is-k 

) Ask,  -sk 

-v^ Afford,  -f-rd 

-^ Afraid,  -fr-d 

-^— —   Rations,  r-shuns 

Erosion  ,  er-shun 

Jo .   Vision,  v-shun 

Evasion,  ev-shun 
Caution,  k-shun 
Action,  -ksliun 
Occasion,  -k-shun 
Rose,  r-s 
Rosy,  r-sy 
Roses,  r-s-s 
Resist,  r-s-sf 
Receipt,  r-s-t 


^L 


2. 


2- 


^ 


l± 


A 


C 


Shriek,  shr-k 

Shirk,  sh-rk 

Sure,  sh-r 

Assure,  -sh-r 

At  least,  -tl-st 

At  last,  -tl-st 
Atonement,  -t-nm-nt 
Tenement,  t-n-m-nt 
Autumn,  aut-m 
Time,  t-m 
Wake,  iv-k 
Awake,  -zv-k 
Coolies,  k-l-s 
Coalesce,  k-  -l-s 
Ragest,  r-j-st 
Readjust,  r-  -j-st 
Copy,  k-py 
Occupy,  -qup- 
Thorough,  th-ro 
Theory,  th--ry 

Held.  h-Jd 


154 


t 


Abstract 


X 


_Accept-ed 


CONTRACTIONS 
o-o  Unbecoming 
Begin 


_  Acceptance 


Administration 


Beginner 
\       Beneficial-ly 


t 


t 


Administratrix      J       Beyond 
Administrate-or  J\__Brother 


£_ Angel 

_  Angelic 
_  Archangel 


=> 


*T 


jr 


Antagonist 


Architect 
Artificial 
Inartificial 


V       Awestruck 

Attract 

Attraction 

At  our 

At  our  own 

Baptism 

Baptist 


4- 


V 


Become,  come 


t/°    Becoming-ly 


^ 


Brotherhood 


\/^   Brother-in-law 

Cabinet 
c_    .  Call  difficult-y 

Certificate 


/--?     Celestial-ly 

Changeableness 

Exchange 

Interchange 


-A 


Income 


^       Overcome 

c     •->    Correct 


=t~  Corrective 
=5_  Correction 


^ Corrected 


Interchangeableness 
^7     Unchangeable 


c — - — a  Criminal-ly 
tr-fs —  Cross-examine-d 
. — °?  Cross-examination 
7        Danger 

— L Dangerous-ly 

-I Dear,  Dr. 

-«= Degree 

<1  Delinquent 

_d Delinquency 


I 


I  Deliverer 


-Characteristic 
1       Chargeableness 
L     Discharge 
_s=£_Christianity 
Come,  become 


Denominational 

P 

Undelivered 

A         Redelivery 

U-5       Democracy 

I — ~—     Democratic 

_JE=f Indifference 


CONTRACTIONS 


155 


Sa- 


4^ 


L^=, 


^r 


-^v 


Differential 

V^ 

Familiar-ly 

i 

Hereinbefore 

Dignify-ied 

Familiarize 
Unfamiliar 

^n 

Hereinto 

Dignity 

n 

Hereto 

Direct 

^V 

February 

r\ 

Heretofore 

Discriminate 

V^, 

Financial-ly 

—=^ 

Hereunto 

Indiscriminate 

^  . 

Frequent-ly 

*> 

.Hereunder 

Distinctive 

•% 

Infrequent-ly 

— =v 

Hereupon 

Dollar 

^ 

Unfrequented 

-^- 

-Herewith 

Domesticate 

^  , 

From 

b-& 

Heavenly 

Electric-al-ly 

"S 

From  it 

L — <y 

Heavenward 

Electro 

Govern-ed 

P 

Held 

Endeavor-ed 

_-=» 

Government 

-ir- 

^  Withheld 

Entire-ly 
Inequality 

— '•s 

Governor 
Ungoverned 

.Helplessness 
Imitate 

Establishment 

c-<\    . 

Great  Britain 

Immediate-lv 

Evangelical 

^V 

Happiest 

Important 

Expect-ed 

-V 

Happiness 

\ 

Importance 

Experience 

Hereat 
Hereabout 
Hereby 
Herefrom 

"\> 

Unimportant 

Inexperienced 

Inferential-ly 

Unexpressed 

\ 

Inferable 

Extensive 

^ 

Influence 

Extraordinary 

^x_ 

Hereinafter 

^ 

Influential 

156 


4^- 


Kingdom 

2. Larger 

_£ Largest 

/  Largeness 

_2 Enlarge 

_2 Enlarged 

Languish 
/7-~~      Legislature 
Longer 


- — a. 


A: 


Longest 
Manufacturer 


In  order 

January  ^^ 

j/          Junior,  Jr.  ^ 

y\       Jurisprudence  — ^ 
l^Xi        Jurisdiction 


~CT 


^3T 

\2. 


-*Zs~ 


Unmanu  f  actu  red\, 


Manuscript 
Mistake 
Mistaken 
Mistook 


Unmistakable     .\> 


CONTRACTIONS. 

Movement 

Nearly 

Neglect-ed 

Negligence 

November 

Outnumber-ed 

Objectionable 

Observation 

Only 

On  our 

Not  only 

Opinionated 

Owner 

Parallel 

Parliamentary 

Part-ly 

Counterpart 

Particulars-ize 

Peculiar-ly 

Pecuniary 

People 

Perfect-ly 


.*£_ 


\  Perform 

\  Performance 

\\  Perhaps 

J^> Perpendicular 


x 


l 


^_ 


H. 


X 


X 


T 


X 


T 


Plaintiff 

Plaintiff  and 

defendant 
Popularity 


— \- Unpopular 

N — ^   Practicability 
\     r> —  Practice 
fr  Principal-pie 

'N# Preservation 

o  Unprincipled 

*\  Probable-y 

r\  Proper-ly 

"\  Property 

Probability 
Improbability 
Publication 
Republication 
Unpublished 
\  Question 


157 


WORDS  BEGINNING  WT    I  A  LONG  VOWEL  SOUND 

Jsinglass 
island 
iciest 
isolate 
isometric 
itinerant 


^9 


.enunciate  ^~v\ idolatry 

.equestrian  ^1  iodine 

.equipment  "~1  iota 

.eradiate  ' ionic 


.erection      


erosion 


^D 


Isaac 
Isis 


a- 


V- 


L 


Y^ 


K> 


\S 


\~. 


\^. 


n 


y 


oasis 
-oats 

-obedience 
-obesity 
-obituary 
-odious 
-odoriferous 

ogre 

.oleander 
-oleomargarine 
.oriole 
-omission 
.omit 
-oriental 

oritund 

original 


158 


_ounce 


y 


si 


si 


so 


WORDS  BEGINNING  WITH  A  LONG 

^~tx       unitarian 

Iff universal 

7  usual 

outrage  js  usurious 

outright  -  uniform 


outgrown 
.  outlay 


-outreach 


ounces 


—^ —  outbid 
^\^~    outfit 

\  outwit. 

r overalls 

—2 overmarch 

overawe 

overthrown 

_£. overhaul 

_k^____  overplus 


c< 


S 


S 


i 


z 


.overseer 

.overturn 

.owner 

_ozone 

_uberty 


if ukase 


J. 


^\ 


4 


K 


ii 


4 


j 


.union 
unitable 
usurper 
utilitarian 
European 
auburn 
auctioneer 
audacious 
audacity 
.audible 
audience 


J audiphone 


u 


(s* 


autocracy 

awkward 

authority 

authentic 

aurist 


VOWEL  SOUND 

__A— -arbitrary 
■  y\   <u  arborescent 
archaeology 
arithmetician 

-^^^armament 


J)L    .^erysipelas 
erudite 


.irreverence 


.A.    .N  irreparable 
JX___irrepressibk 
~^y^     irresolute 

^A irresponsible 

irretrievable 
.irreducible 
earliest 


--* 


A         orphan 


WRITING  EXERCISE 


159 


equinoctial 

phenomena 

identify 

pantheist 

eternity 

spontaneous 

mendacity 

Saturday 

ice-berg 

arrangement 

dominican 

spontaneity 

idealism 

handsomest 

monomaniac 

piquancy 

identity 

Greensboro 

Hancock 

handsomely 

iconoclast 

poignancy 

beanstalk 

acquisition 

enormous 

requisition 

amanuenses 

repetitions 

authorize 

punctuation 

recession 

emaciation 

auricular 

scholasticism 

denunciation 

slantwise 

alter 

skepticism 

scarification 

scandalous 

alienate 

slaughter-house 

smelter 

scrambler 

aerogram 

statistical 

spaniel 

specifically 

itinerant 

stenographer 

spectacular 

spring-time 

Dleomargarine 

stratification 

spiritualism 

statesman 

outright 

statuesque 

stalactite 

steadfast 

overthrown 

aerostatics 

statuesque 

strabismus 

ubiquitous 

auctioneer 

straightforward 

lieutenancy 

usefulness 

authoritative 

audience 

accession 

archaeology 

earshot 

aeronaut 

suspension 

arithmetician 

equipoise 

audiphone 

situation 

arraignment 

idolatry 

enunciate 

association 

articulate 

isometric 

evaporation 

physicians 

erroneous 

oceanic 

ice-cream 

millennium 

iridescent 

overawe 

isinglass 

reindeer 

irredeemable 

outrage 

odoriferous 

ransack 

accessory 

universal 

oleander 

pantomime 

answerable 

usurpation 

outgrown 

Bunyan 

incomparable 

European 

overcautious 

interpret 

inconceivable 

arborescent 

ozone 

unworthy 

inconspicuous 

architecture 

unanimous 

uneasy 

unimportant 

aristocracy 

usurer 

unconscious 

uninhabitable 

arrowroot 

utilitarian 

insertion 

unwholesome 

irreclaimable 

irrelevant 

uningenious 

unyielded 

irrationalist 

Irishman 

incontestible 

interrogate 

incompassionate 

erratum 

unenlightened 

undervalue 

in  consideration 

artificer 

irrecoverable 

intersperse 

uncommon 

architectural 

erysipelas 

silently 

unengaged 

incombustible 

arbitrary 

annoyances 

unwelcome 

uncontroverted 

armamenl 

Minnesota 

interfere 

inconsequent 

isosceles 

panacea 

underhand 

uninitiated 

obituary 

pandemonium 

accession 

unworried 

univalve 

Edinboro 

affianced 

underclerk 

equestrian 

Wednesday 

immenseness 

mensuration 

audacious 

Thursday 

Hinsdale 

suddenness 

authentic 

160 


AN  AUTHOR'S  ADVICE  TO  STUDENTS 

When  a  new  enterprise  is  to  be  undertaken,  or  a  new  field  of  labor  to 
be  entered  upon,  it  should  receive  the  careful  consideration  of  the  person 
who  proposes  to  engage  in  it.  The  eastern  farmer  who  goes  into  the 
far  West  (to  locate  and  improve  a  homestead  for  himself  and  family), 
knows  full  well  that  he  must  take  upon  himself,  and  put  upon  those  who 
accompany  him,  hardships  and  self  denials  with  which  they  were  before 
un-acquainted, 

Years  of  unceasing  toil  and  unsatisfied  desires  must  pass  before  the 
realization  of  his  plans,  in  the  comforts  of  a  "well-tilled"  farm  and  good 
society,  can  be  enjoyed.  But  all  these  sacrifices  are  made  cheerfully,  be- 
cause of  the  firm  faith  that  the  good  time  hoped  for  will  surely  come. 

In  like  manner,  the  young  man  who  decides  to  follow  one  of  the 
professions,  soon  discovers  that,  if  he  would  become  master  of  it,  and 
place  himself  at  the  head  of  his  chosen  calling,  he  must  first  spend  years 
of  hard  study  in  preparation.  This  he  does  in  the  faith  that  ultimately 
he  will  reach  the  desired  position.  Thus  we  see  that  it  is  an  inexorable 
law  that  no  great  good  can  be  secured  without  earnest  and  persistent 
effort. 

You  are  about  to  enter  upon  a  course  of  study  preparatory  to  engag- 
ing in  some  active  business  enterprise.  The  very  fact  of  your  putting 
yourself  in  the  position  of  a  pupil,  is  an  admission  on  your  part  that  you 
are  ignorant  of  certain  things  which  you  desire  to  know.  It  is  also  an 
admission  that  your  teacher  is,  or  ought  to  be,  better  qualified  than 
yourself. 

You  have  involuntarily  taken  upon  yourself  the  duties  and  obligations 
of  a  student,  and  there  is  now  an  implied  contract  between  yourself  and 
your  instructor  that  you  will  faithfully  and  earnestly  apply  yourself  to 
the  work  before  you.  Your  success  depends  mainly  on  your  own  efforts. 
No  one  has  a  right  to  do  for  you  what  you  should  do  for  yourself.  Self- 
help  is  the  best  possible  help  in  obtaining  an  education. 

The  province  of  your  teacher  should  be  to  point  out  to  you  the  course 
you  are  to  pursue,  and  to  see  that  you  do  your  work  honestly  and  well. 
It  is  no  part  of  his  duty  to  do  your  work  for  you ;  indeed,  if  he  should 
do  so,  he  would  do  you  a  positive  injury. 


161 


^  .  .  b»  \ 


^r 


V 


^Q 


*f      V'71 


V    A« 


«=-** 


^x 


■v^ 


■   N.    \  £ 


J  -  L*  ;  < 


.£3, — k^=> k . L- 1- 


^ 


I 


4^-^ 


_2S LZ_ 


rv-7^ p. 


^-^^ 


V 


^=v 


1    va^  <u^ 


v 


\ 


n  >    s 


•^ .  <- 


i : :, .'  ** 


^L^L 


\   Na 


vr 


~zr 


°\ 


f 


■V 


J 


\  -    .  % 


—^- 


^i 


V    ^ 


i_ 


^  \.-^ 


i~r 


IV 


L 


^^ 


^ 


—4 


Vj 


^1     U    v    -* 


(     , 


i^£ 


-\ 


ItT^ 


<\ 


-A- 


(  V" 


-V 


-4 


J a * ^L 


"^7 


_* -^    ,?    "  ■ 


^e 


!i         \  >  j    v  s    J    ' — 


Ai_ 


J      ^ ^ 


X 


^fn    Y 


,\t-g 


i^. 


162 


You  must  do  your  own  thinking,  and  the  sooner  you  learn  to  control 
your  thoughts  the  better.  To  learn  well  requires  a  concentration  of  the 
mind  upon  the  subject  of  study.  To  establish  the  power  of  will  over 
mind  is  a  great  achievement  to  the  student,  and  the  faculty  of  so  doing 
should  be  diligently  cultivated.  Unless  you  can  fix  your  thoughts  upon 
your  studies,  and  keep  them  there,  you  will  make  but  poor  progress. 
When  you  come  into  the  school  room  banish  all  thought  of  the  outside 
world,  and  of  surrounding  circumstances,  and  give  your  whole  mind 
earnestly  to  the  prosecution  of  your  studies. 

Be  honest;  be  independent;  do  not  try  to  steal  your  work  from  the 
books  of  other  pupils,  for  in  so  doing  you  only  cheat  yourself.  Begin 
with  the  determination  that  you  will  lean  on  no  one — but  yourself. 

Look  upon  your  teacher  as  your  best  friend,  and  receive  his  sugges- 
tions with  kindness.  Do  not  be  discouraged  if  you  cannot  comprehend 
everything  in  one  day,  or  in  one  week.  It  is  an  old  proverb  that  "it  is 
darkest  just  before  the  dawn  of  day."  Take  courage,  and  let  your 
courage  be  of  a  cheerful  character.  Faith  is  a  wonderful  motive  power, 
not  less  in  temporal  than  in  spiritual  things.  If  a  young  man  makes  up 
his  mind  that  he  will  accomplish  any  laudable  object,  and  bends  his 
energies  to  the  task,  he  is  almost  sure  to  succeed. 

The  special  course  of  study  you  are  about  to  enter  upon  is  not  what 
is  termed  a  liberal  education,  nor  is  it  all  that  one  needs  to  pursue;  yet 
the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  it  are  almost  incalculable  to  a  business 
man.  But  the  benefit  you  will  derive  from  it  will  depend  in  a  great 
measure  upon  the  thoroughness  and  accuracy  with  which  your  daily 
progress  is  marked.  System  leads  to  correct  and  rapid  execution,  and 
is  an  indispensable  qualification  to  a  good  business  man.  Simply  to  do  a 
thing  is  not  all  that  is  required,  but  to  do  it  well. 

The  work  that  you  are  to  perform  is  both  mental  and  manual,  and 
your  own  ideas  of  how  it  should  be  done  should  not  be  considered  as 
infallible.  If  your  teacher  is  worthy  of  the  position  he  occupies,  he  is 
presumed  to  be  better  qualified  than  yourself  to  judge  of  your  execution 
and  progress,  and  every  suggestion  coming  from  him  should  be  care- 
fully considered  and  scrupulously  heeded. 

A  faithful  teacher  takes  real  delight  in  the  true  progress  of  his  pupils. 


163 


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There  is  probably  no  general  rule  that  has  not  its  exceptions,  but  as 
a  class  it  is  an  undeniable  fact  that  professional  teachers  are  the  most 
unselfish,  noble-minded  and  open-hearted  individuals  in  the  community. 
There  is  an  over-ruling  power,  "which  doeth  all  things  well,"  that  leads 
the  true  teacher  into  his  field  of  labor,  and  kindly  sustains  him  in  the 
good  work. 

Certainly  neither  the  love  of  wealth,  nor  any  other  merely  worldly 
ambition  could  induce  a  person  to  spend  his  life  in  a  profession  which 
is  so  poorly  compensated,  while  there  are  thousands  of  avenues  to  busi- 
ness pursuits  which  are  less  annoying  and  ten  fold  more  lucrative. 

It  is  written  that  "a  faithful  man  abound  with  blessings ;  but  he  that 
rriaketh  haste  to  be  rich  shall  not  be  innocent."  The  faithful  student  and 
the  efficient  teacher  will  surely  find  their  reward;  if  not  in  material 
prosperity,  it  will  come  in  the  acquisition  of  culture,  the  consciousness 
of  duty  well  performed,  and  in  the  final  approbation  and  "well  done" 
of  the  great  Master  when  their  life  work  shall  be  ended. 

There  are  some  very  important  facts  which  have  a  direct  bearing  upon 
the  responsibilities  of  the  student,  and  which  may  very  properly  be  men- 
tioned in  this  connection,  since  the  sooner  they  are  realized  the  better. 
Life,  at  its  longest,  is  but  short.  What  is  to  be  done  you  should  do  with 
earnestness.  Time  is  precious.  Opportunities  are  limited.  Money  is 
valuable.  You  will  not  be  justified  in  squandering  your  money,  neglecting 
your  opportunities,  or  wasting  your  time. 

If  you  have  no  settled  plans  for  the  future,  it  would  be  well  for  you, 
at  least,  to  give  the  matter  your  careful  consideration,  and  if  possible 
decide  upon  a  course  to  pursue  which  shall  be  congenial  to  your  feelings 
and  worthy  of  your  best  endeavors.  Whatever  may  be  your  choice  of  a 
business  pursuit,  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  better  you  are  quali- 
fied for  it,  the  more  likely  will  you  be  to  succeed  in  it. 

It  is  a  fact,  which  cannot  have  escaped  the  notice  of  anyone  who  has 
given  the  matter  any  thought,  that  those  who  are  best  educated  for  their 
business  calling  invariably  take  the  highest  positions. 


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A  business  education  has  a  wide  range  of  usefulness,  and  cannot 
fail  to  prove  advantageous,  even  to  the  most  humble  individual. 

The  idea  that  the  education  in  question  can  be  secured  without  much 
personal  effort  should  not  be  entertained  for  a  moment. 

The  least  that  is  required  of  a  business  man  in  this  age  of  the  world 
is,  that  his  orthography  be  correct,  his  knowledge  of  grammar  and 
composition  be  acceptable;  that  he  be  capable  of  accuracy  and  rapidity 
in  calculations,  and  be  a  good  penman.  These  acquirements — with  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  accounts — are  indispensable  to  the  modern  busi- 
ness man. 

The  acquisition  of  knowledge,  although  requiring  close  application, 
and  often  laborious  study,  seldom  fails  to  afford  the  student  real  pleasure 
and  substantial  profit.  Knowledge  is  varied,  and  is  not  to  be  obtained 
wholly  from  books. 

Much  benefit  may  be  derived  from  the  study  of  human  nature.  Much 
of  our  success  in  life  depends  upon  the  faculty  of  pleasing,  and  of  being 
pleased.  A  person  with  a  gloomy,  sullen  disposition,  not  only  renders 
himself  miserable,  but  makes  all  with  whom  he  associates  uncomfort- 
able ;  while  in  the  case  of  a  person  who  is  genial  and  frank,  his  good 
nature  becomes  infectious,  and  secures  for  him  the  warmest  admiration 
and  affection. 

The  amenities  of  life  should  be  seduously  cultivated.  Politeness  is  a 
cheap  accomplishment,  which  possesses  a  magic  power.  Gentlemanly 
conduct  is  always  in  place,  and  never  more  so  than  in  the  school  room. 
Vulgar  language  and  bad  manners  are  always  out  of  place.  They  are 
the  result  of  ignorance  and  ill-breeding,  and  should  be  abandoned  at  once. 

You  are  engaged  in  a  good  work,  and  are  surrounded  by  those  who 
take  a  sincere  interest  in  your  progress  and  welfare.  If  you  are  true  to 
yourself  you  will  be  diligent  in  your  studies,  remembering  that  to  reach 
the  summit  of  a  hill  you  must  mount  step  by  step,  and  laboriously  accom- 
plish the  whole  ascent  before  you  attain  the  view  point,  where  you  gather 
in  all  the  beauties  and  benefits  of  your  journey. 

You  are  now  toiling  up  the  hill  of  science.  Let  your  progress  be 
marked  by  patient  and  persevering  effort,  even  though  difficulties  meet 
you  at  every  step.  Remember  that  "diligence  is  the  mother  of  good  for- 
tune." Overcome  all  obstacles  until  you  reach  the  view  point,  where 
you  shall  be  fitted  in  the  best  possible  manner  for  your  life  work,  and  you 
will  have  no  reason  to  regret  the  course  you  have  pursued. 


167 


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SECRETARY  BRYAN'S  LETTER  OF  RESIGNATION 


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